The mechans of transition from deflagration to detonation in vapor cloud explosions

Lee, J.H.S.; Moen, I.O.

doi:10.1016/0360-1285(80)90011-8

Cited by 339 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…18,19 Figure 6 shows that a detonation wave is re-initiated in the acceptor when p d1 = 0.75 atm and p d * = 15.0. The pressure profiles are shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Case B: Overdriven Detonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of initial pressure on detonation propagation across a mixture

Hsu

Chao

Chung

2016

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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This study determines the effect of the initial pressure on the propagation of a Chapman-Jouguet detonation wave from a stoichiometric C 3 H 8 /O 2 mixture (donor) to a stoichiometric C 3 H 8 /air mixture (acceptor). Depending on the initial pressure ratio in the donor and the acceptor, the result can be a smooth transmission, a re-initiated detonation wave, or a transmitted shock wave. When the donor is divided into a driver donor and a driven donor, the degree of overdrive in a driven donor varies with the donor pressure ratio. There must be a greater degree of overdrive in the driven donor for re-initiation of a detonation wave in the acceptor, particularly if the initial pressure in the driven donor is lower than the Chapman-Jouguet pressure in the acceptor. The bi-dimensional effect is also another major factor.

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“…18,19 Figure 6 shows that a detonation wave is re-initiated in the acceptor when p d1 = 0.75 atm and p d * = 15.0. The pressure profiles are shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Case B: Overdriven Detonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of initial pressure on detonation propagation across a mixture

Hsu

Chao

Chung

2016

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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“…There have been several reviews on detonations of hydrocarbon/air mixtures [Lee and Moen 1980] [Moen 1993] [Nettleton 2002. It was pointed out by Moen that weak ignition of vapor clouds in an unconfined and unobstructed environment is unlikely to result in a deflagration to detonation (DDT), even for more sensitive fuel/air mixtures; but it is likely with confinement and the presence of obstacles [Moen et al 1980].…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance on risk analysis and safety implications of a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) spill over water.

Report¹,

Hightower²,

Gritzo³

et al. 2004

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While recognized standards exist for the systematic safety analysis of potential spills or releases from LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) storage terminals and facilities on land, no equivalent set of standards or guidance exists for the evaluation of the safety or consequences from LNG spills over water. Heightened security awareness and energy surety issues have increased industry's and the public's attention to these activities. The report reviews several existing studies of LNG spills with respect to their assumptions, inputs, models, and experimental data. Based on this review and further analysis, the report provides guidance on the appropriateness of models, assumptions, and risk management to address public safety and property relative to a potential LNG spill over water. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors received technical, programmatic, and editorial support on this project from a number of individuals and organizations both inside and outside Sandia National Laboratories. We would particularly like to express our thanks for their support and guidance in the technical evaluations and development of this report.The U.S. Department of Energy was instrumental in providing coordination, management, and technical direction. Special thanks go to DOE personnel in the Office of Oil and Natural Gas, DOE Office of Fossil Energy, for their help in supporting the modeling, analysis, technical evaluations, and risk guidance efforts.To support the technical analysis required for this project, the authors worked with many organizations, including maritime agencies, LNG industry and ship management agencies, LNG shipping consultants, and government intelligence agencies to collect the background information on ship and LNG cargo tank designs, accident and threat scenarios, and LNG ship safety and risk management operations needed to assess LNG spill safety and risk implications.The following individuals were especially helpful in supporting our efforts, providing information, coordinating contacts, and reviewing technical evaluations. Capt. Dave Scott -U.S. Coast Guard Dr. Robin Pitblado -Det Norske Veritas Eric Linsner -PRONAV Ship Management Mike Edens -Office of Naval Intelligence Richard Hoffmann -Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Chris Zerby -Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionTo help in technically reviewing this report, the DOE commissioned an External Peer Review Panel to evaluate the analyses, conclusions, and recommendations presented. The Peer Review Panel consisted of experts in LNG spill testing and modeling, fire modeling, fire protection, and fire safety and risk management. The panel's comments and suggestions were extremely valuable in improving the technical presentation and organization of the report. The authors would like to thank the following members of the External Peer Review Panel for their valuable comments, suggestions, and directions. 10 TABLES 12 FOREWORDThe Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that domestic natural gas production is expected to increase more slowly th...

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“…This effect generates turbulence of the unburned gases leading to accelerated rates of combustion [13]. Within individual compartments, turbulent flow characteristics are determined by area-averaging the jet inflows to the region.…”

Section: Flame and Burn Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combustion Model for the TWA 800 Center-Wing Fuel Tank Explosion

Baer¹,

Groß²

1998

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In support of the National Transportation Safety Board investigation of the TWA Flight 800 accident, a combined experimental/computational effort was conducted that focused on quarter-scale testing and simulation of the fuel-air explosion in the Boeing 747 center wing fuel tank. This report summarizes the modeling approach used at Sandia National Laboratories. In this approach approximations are introduced that capture the essential physics associated with turbulent flame propagation in multiple compartment fuel tanks. This model efficiently defines the pressure loading conditions during a jet-fuel air explosion in a fuel tank confinement. Modeling calculations compare favorably with a variety of experimental quarter-scale tests conducted in rigid confinement. The modeling describes well the overpressure history in several geometry configurations. Upon demonstrating a reasonable comparison to experimental observations, a parametric study of eight possible ignition sources is then discussed. Model calculations demonstrate that different loading conditions arise as the location of the ignition event is varied. By comparing the inferred damage and calculated impulses to that seen in the recovered tank, it may be possible to reduce the number of likely sources. A possible extension of this work to better define tank damage includes coupling the combustion model as a pressure loading routine for structural failure analysis.

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The mechans of transition from deflagration to detonation in vapor cloud explosions

Cited by 339 publications

References 9 publications

The effect of initial pressure on detonation propagation across a mixture

The effect of initial pressure on detonation propagation across a mixture

Guidance on risk analysis and safety implications of a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) spill over water.

A Combustion Model for the TWA 800 Center-Wing Fuel Tank Explosion

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