The medial olivocochlear reflex in children during active listening

Smith, Spencer; Cone, Barbara

doi:10.3109/14992027.2015.1008105

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Additionally, ASSRs and TEOAEs were measured concurrently using an interleaving paradigm to ensure that subject attention and alertness were identical across the two measurements and to allow for verification that the MOC was activated in individual subjects (via contralateral suppression of TEOAEs). Because MOC activity can be modulated by changes in arousal and attention (Froehlich et al, 1993;Maison et al, 2001;de Boer and Thornton, 2007;Smith and Cone, 2015), it was important to ensure that there were no differences in subject state between the two types of measurements by using a concurrent data-collection protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent measures of contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions and of auditory steady-state responses

Mertes

Leek

2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) is frequently used to assess the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system, and may have clinical utility. However, OAEs are weak or absent in hearing-impaired ears, so little is known about MOC function in the presence of hearing loss. A potential alternative measure is contralateral suppression of the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) because ASSRs are measurable in many hearing-impaired ears. This study compared contralateral suppression of both transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and ASSRs in a group of ten primarily older adults with either normal hearing or mild sensorineural hearing loss. Responses were elicited using 75-dB peak sound pressure level clicks. The MOC was activated using contralateral broadband noise at 60 dB sound pressure level. Measurements were made concurrently to ensure a consistent attentional state between the two measures. The magnitude of contralateral suppression of ASSRs was significantly larger than contralateral suppression of TEOAEs. Both measures usually exhibited high test-retest reliability within a session. However, there was no significant correlation between the magnitude of contralateral suppression of TEOAEs and of ASSRs. Further work is needed to understand the role of the MOC in contralateral suppression of ASSRs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent measures of contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions and of auditory steady-state responses

Mertes

Leek

2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Efferent MOC-fiber activity can be modulated in a 'topdown' manner: electric microstimulation or deactivation of the auditory cortex alters OHC activity as measured with cochlear microphonics or otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) (Perrot et al, 2006;Dragicevic et al, 2015;Terreros and Delano, 2015;Jager and Kossl, 2016). Similarly, changes in arousal or endogenous (interor intramodal) attention may lead to OHC-activity changes as measured with OAEs (Puel et al, 1988;Froehlich et al, 1990Froehlich et al, , 1993Giard et al, 1994;Ferber-Viart et al, 1995;Maison et al, 2001;de Boer and Thornton, 2007;Harkrider and Bowers, 2009;Smith et al, 2012;Srinivasan et al, 2012Srinivasan et al, , 2014Walsh et al, 2014Walsh et al, , 2015Wittekindt et al, 2014;Smith and Cone, 2015), although the existence and direction of these top-down attention effects are still debated (Picton et al, 1971;Avan and Bonfils, 1992;Michie et al, 1996;Beim et al, 2018Beim et al, , 2019Francis et al, 2018;Lopez-Poveda, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Auditory Predictability on the Human Peripheral Auditory System

2020

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Auditory perception is facilitated by prior knowledge about the statistics of the acoustic environment. Predictions about upcoming auditory stimuli are processed at various stages along the human auditory pathway, including the cortex and midbrain. Whether such auditory predictions are processed also at hierarchically lower stages-in the peripheral auditory system-is unclear. To address this question, we assessed outer hair cell (OHC) activity in response to isochronous tone sequences and varied the predictability and behavioral relevance of the individual tones (by manipulating toneto-tone probabilities and the human participants' task, respectively). We found that predictability alters the amplitude of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs, a measure of OHC activity) in a manner that depends on the behavioral relevance of the tones. Simultaneously recorded cortical responses showed a significant effect of both predictability and behavioral relevance of the tones, indicating that their experimental manipulations were effective in central auditory processing stages. Our results provide evidence for a top-down effect on the processing of auditory predictability in the human peripheral auditory system, in line with previous studies showing peripheral effects of auditory attention.

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“…Increases in task difficulty have been linked to the allocation of auditory attention and cognitive resources towards the task itself (Kahneman, 1973). Previous efforts to explore how auditory attention might affect the relationship between cochlear gain and performance in speech-in-noise tasks demonstrated increased activation of the MOCR in active, compared to passive, listening, but were unable to determine whether, or how, cochlear gain—as determined by CEOAE inhibition—was modulated with task difficulty (Kalaiah et al, 2017a; Smith and Cone, 2015). Here, employing a similar experimental design to these studies, we achieved, three levels of task difficulty for each speech manipulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex facilitates speech understanding in human listeners

Hernández-Pérez

Mikiel-Hunter

McAlpine

et al. 2020

Preprint

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14Navigating "cocktail party" situations by enhancing foreground sounds over irrelevant background 15 information is typically considered from a cortico-centric perspective. However, subcortical circuits, 16 such as the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) that modulates inner ear activity itself, have ample 17 opportunity to extract salient features from the auditory scene prior to any cortical processing. To 18 understand the contribution of auditory subcortical nuclei and the cochleae, physiological 19 recordings were made along the auditory pathway while listeners differentiated non(sense)-words 20 and words. Both naturally-spoken and intrinsically-noisy, vocoded speechfiltering that mimics 21 processing by a cochlear implant-significantly activated the MOCR, whereas listening to speech-22 in-background noise revealed instead engagement of midbrain and cortical resources. An auditory 23 periphery model reproduced these speech degradation-specific effects, providing a rationale for 24 goal-directed MOCR gating to enhance representation of speech features in the auditory nerve. 25These results highlight two strategies co-existing in the auditory system to accommodate 26 categorically different speech degradations. 27 78 cortical auditory responses in both the active listening task and when listeners were required to 79 ignore the task and watch a silent, non-subtitled film. 80Maintaining a fixed task difficulty across speech manipulations, we found measures of hearing 81 function at the level of the cochlea, brainstem, midbrain and cortex to be modulated differently 82 depending on the degradation type applied to speech sounds, and on whether or not speech was 83 3 actively attended. Specifically, the MOCR, assessed in terms of the magnitude of click-evoked 84 OAEs (CEOAEs), was activated by vocoded speech-an intrinsically degraded speech signal-but 85 not by otherwise 'clean' speech presented in either babble-noise or speech-shaped noise. Neural 86 activity at the first synaptic stage of central processing in the cochlear nucleus (CN)-assessed 87 physiologically through auditory brainstem responses (ABRs)-confirmed the reduction in cochlear 88 gain for actively attended vocoded speech, but not speech-in-noise. Conversely, neural activity 89 generated by the auditory midbrain was significantly increased in active vs. passive listening for 90 speech in babble and speech-shaped noise, but not for vocoded speech. This increase was 91 associated with elevated cortical markers of listening effort for the speech-in-noise conditions. A 92 model of the auditory periphery including an MOC circuit with biophysically-realistic temporal 93 dynamics confirmed the stimulus-dependent role of the MOCR in enhancing neural coding of 94 speech signals. Our data suggest that otherwise identical performance in active listening tasks may 95 invoke quite different efferent circuits, requiring different levels of listening effort, depending on the 96 type of stimulus degradation experienced. 98 Results 99Iso-performance in three manipul...

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The medial olivocochlear reflex in children during active listening

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Concurrent measures of contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions and of auditory steady-state responses

Concurrent measures of contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions and of auditory steady-state responses

Effect of Auditory Predictability on the Human Peripheral Auditory System

Perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex facilitates speech understanding in human listeners

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