“…As a result, there have been numerous calls for research to urgently understand the appropriate managerial leadership behaviors that suit virtual work environments (Gao and Sai, 2020; Wang et al , 2020; Flavian et al , 2022; Bagga et al , 2022), based on the understanding that the unique nature of virtual work environments requires unique managerial leadership style (Flavian et al , 2022; Bagga et al , 2022; Emmanuel, 2017; Mysirlaki and Paraskeva, 2020). For example, it is observed that “today, organizations are deeply concerned with developing leadership that can lead from a distance,” (Bagga et al , 2022, p. 1). Similarly, another study pointed out thus “the dilemma confronting virtual leaders today is the limited understanding of virtual leadership style,” (Emmanuel, 2017, p. 8).…”