The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum attenuates UV-induced skin carcinogenesis and immunosuppression

Abstract

The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is traditionally used for treating multiple diseases, including cancer. This study examined skin cancer preventive activity of a commercial product containing spore and fruiting body in 30:8 ratio (GLSF). Extracts of GLSF and spore component (GLS) were prepared using artificial gastrointestinal juice and examined on JB6 cells. GLSF and GLS dose-dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor-induced JB6 transformation at non-toxic concentrations. SKH-1 mice which were fed with diets containing GLSF (1.25%), GLS (0.99%) or the fruiting body (GLF) (0.26%) were exposed to chronic low-dose ultraviolet (UV) radiation to assess their effects on skin carcinogenesis. GLSF, but not GLS or GLF, reduced skin tumor incidence and multiplicity. In non-tumor skin tissues of mice, GLSF attenuated UV-induced epidermal thickening, expression of Ki-67, COX-2 and NF-κB, while in tumor tissues, GLSF increased expression of CD8 and Granzyme B. To examine the effects of GLSF on UV-induced immunosuppression, mice which were fed with GLSF were evaluated for the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). GLSF significantly reversed UV-mediated suppression of DNFB-induced CHS by increasing CD8+ and decreasing CD4+ and FoxP3+ T-cells in mouse ears. Therefore, GLSF prevents skin cancer probably via attenuating UV-induced immunosuppression.

Optimization of chemical conditions for metabolites production by Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology and investigation of antimicrobial as well as anticancer activities

“…To date, more than 300 bioactive compounds have been isolated from various parts of G. lucidum , including peptides, fatty acids, polysaccharides, and especially triterpenoids ( Sharma et al, 2019 ). Studies indicate that different extracts or isolated compounds from G. lucidum act as a carcinostatic on different cancer cell lines, such as, lung ( Li et al, 2013 ), colon ( Li et al, 2020 ), pancreas ( Chen et al, 2023 ), liver ( Li et al, 2005 ), breast ( Barbieri et al, 2017 ), skin ( Shahid et al, 2022 ), and prostate ( Wang et al, 2020 ). Among these compounds, triterpenoids are the most important bioactive compounds of G. lucidum , whose inhibitory effects on many cancers have been widely studied ( Zhao et al, 2023 ).…”

Unlocking the Power: New Insights into the Anti-Aging Properties of Mushrooms

“…As a result, anti-aging cosmetics are developed to repair and maintain the skin barrier. Many studies have highlighted the potential of bioactive compounds derived from mushrooms to serve as anti-aging ingredients in serums, topical creams, and other cosmetics, primarily due to their anti-oxidant and anti-wrinkle properties [ 10 , 58 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 ]. These compounds can help protect the skin from oxidative damage, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and improve overall skin health.…”

“…Moreover, an extract of Ganoderma lucidum containing spores and fruiting bodies in a ratio of 30:8 was found to attenuate UV-induced epidermis thickening and inhibit the expression of COX-2 in non-tumor skin tissues of mice. This highlights the potential of the extract as a key component in cosmetic products for skin maintenance [ 162 ].…”

Lanostane Triterpenoids and Ergostane Steroids from Ganoderma luteomarginatum and Their Cytotoxicity

“…The thirty-one known compounds, including twenty-one lanostane triterpenoids (4-26) and eight ergostane steroid (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), were identified as lanosta-8,24E-dien-7-oxo -3β-acetyloxy-26-ol (4) [26], lanosta-8,24E-dien-7-oxo-3β-acetyloxy-26-al (5) [26], lanosta -7,9(11),24-trien-3β-acetyloxy-26-ol (6) [26], (24R,25S)-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β,24,26-triol -25-methoxy (7) [16], lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β-acetyloxy-24,25,26-triol (8) [29], lanosta-7,9(11) -dien-3β-acetyloxy-24,26-dihydroxy-25-methoxy (9) [29], ganodermanondiol (10) [34], lu-cidumol B (11) [34], 26-hydroxy-ganodermanondiol (12) [35], ganoderiol A (13) [36], ganoderone A (14) [37], lucidadiol (15) [38], ganodermadiol (16) [39], lanosta-7,9(11),24E -trien-3β-acetyloxy-26,27-diol (17) [29], ganoderiol F (18) [40], lanosta-8-en-7,11-dioxo-3β -acetyloxy-24,25,26-triol (19) [29], ganoderiol D (20) [40], lanosta-8-en-7-oxo-3β -acetyloxy-24,25,26-trihydroxy (21) [34], lucidumol A (22) [41], lanosta-7,9 (11),24E-trien -3-oxo-26-al (23) [42], lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3β-ol-26-al (24) [42], lucidone H (25) [29], lucidadone H (26) [...…”

“…Lanostane-type triterpenoids can cause cell cycle arrest by the downregulation of cyclin D1 in the G1 phase of cell growth and inhibition of PKC activity in the G2 growth phase. Moreover, lanostane-type triterpenoids also prevent tumor metastasis by modulating MMPs and IL-8 and inhibit the excretion of inflammatory cytokines [ 24 ].…”