The Medieval Prison

Geltner, Guy

doi:10.1515/9780691187686

Cited by 55 publications

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“…Handelman (1998). 48 Spierenburg (1991) ; Bretschneider (2008) ; Geltner (2008). 49 Ortalli (1979) ; Edgerton (1985) ; Puppi (1991) ; Merback (1999) ; Groebner (2004) ; Mills (2005).…”

Section: Un Chantier En Cours : Historiciser Les Représentations Du Cunclassified

Crime et justice au prisme de l’histoire visuelle et matérielle

Rousseaux¹

2017

chs

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Crime et justice au prisme de l'histoire visuelle et matérielle Xavier Rousseaux « Justice […] should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done » 1 P orté par la révolution numérique, le statut des traces matérielles et culturelles du crime et de la justice a changé. Plutôt que de servir d'illustration à des discours écrits savants ou d'objets de collection pour amateurs fortunés, objets et monuments deviennent des pièces centrales pour comprendre comment les sociétés construisent des appareils de résolution des conflits 2. Les portails consacrés à l'histoire criminelle, comme l'Old Bailey, Digital Panopticon ou Criminocorpus mettent en évidence l'intérêt pour une histoire en trois dimensions du crime et de la justice. Les humanités numériques invitent le chercheur en histoire criminelle à réinterroger des traditions de recherche consacrées à l'analyse des traces du crime et de la justice. On peut considérer que l'approche matérielle et visuelle de la justice repose sur une double tradition 3. D'une part, l'étude des représentations visuelles de la justice et du crime (peinture, sculpture, architecture) s'inscrit dans le développement de l'histoire de l'art, en particulier de l'iconologie 4. D'autre part, la recherche d'une culture juridique dépassant le droit écrit, constituée de gestes, discours, objets et lieux spécifiques, s'enracine dans une archéologie particulièrement développée dans la tradition du droit germanique 5. Iconologie et archéologie juridique se déploient en un double mouvement. Le premier s'attache à une histoire des représentations de la justice qui s'inscrit dans la culture artistique médiévale et classique des allégories morales. Le plus célèbre exemple en est la représentation de Justitia, censée refléter un « idéal » de la justice humaine, miroir de la justice divine 6. En contrepoint, s'est développé, fin XVIII e-XIX e siècle, un romantisme noir, fondé sur la fascination 1 [it is not merely of some importance but is of fundamental importance that] justice should not only be done, but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done.

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“…Handelman (1998). 48 Spierenburg (1991) ; Bretschneider (2008) ; Geltner (2008). 49 Ortalli (1979) ; Edgerton (1985) ; Puppi (1991) ; Merback (1999) ; Groebner (2004) ; Mills (2005).…”

Section: Un Chantier En Cours : Historiciser Les Représentations Du Cunclassified

Crime et justice au prisme de l’histoire visuelle et matérielle

Rousseaux¹

2017

chs

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“…With the exception of the journals, each of these series runs with varying continuity from the late thirteenth century into the sixteenth century. 19 The nature of the register makes clear the function of the prison as part of the state's debt-collection system. The record of a trial would open with a description of the alleged offence, narratively constructed on the basis of notarial formulas and highly particularized information taken from the official notification, the interrogation of the suspect or the reconstruction by witnesses.…”

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“…The record of a trial would open with a description of the alleged offence, narratively constructed on the basis of notarial formulas and highly particularized information taken from the official notification, the interrogation of the suspect or the reconstruction by witnesses. 21 Already by 1377-8 such long terms seem exceptional, a result of institutional oversight. The trial record noted each of the formal stages of summons, response and sentence, but is usually silent on the process of investigation: this, by contrast, was recorded extensively and verbatim in the vacchettini (also known as bastardelli), which survive at Bologna from only the mid fifteenth century onwards.…”

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“…The plight of Jews held in municipal prisons could increase the pressure on them to convert: could it also lead to co-operation in the cover-up of a death in custody? 43 Jean-Claude Schmitt listed only two cases of completed suicide in prison in his survey of later medieval French evidence, 44 and Pieter Spierenburg found very few cases in early modern Germany and the Netherlands, in fact only one completed suicide (L€ ubeck, 1701) and four attempts (Hamburg, 1699; Delft, 1800). 37 If we assume that the door in the drawing and in Enoch's account was the only door into the Oven, then it is difficult to see how this suicide could have happened.…”

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Getting out of jail: suicide, escape and release in late medieval and Renaissance Bologna

Dean

2017

Hist Res

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This article discusses and contextualizes a unique document: the record of an investigation into a death, apparently by suicide, in the communal prison in Bologna in 1473, with an accompanying drawing of the dead body. The credibility of this death as suicide is questioned and discussed as a possible concealed homicide. It is then further contextualized in relation to the recent, revisionist historiography of conditions in medieval prisons, and it is argued that the investigative phase of criminal justice, involving torture, increasingly generated suicides and prison escapes.

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Catholicism in Prisons

Skotnicki

2017

The Encyclopedia of Corrections

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The prison as we know it today is in significant respects an innovation begun by the Catholic Church. This entry discusses the roots of the contemporary prison in the practice of penance during the first centuries of the Christian era, in the development of monasticism, and in the formation of the world's first modern legal system, canon law, early in the second millennium. It also discusses efforts in current Catholic teaching to reform the practice of confinement in terms of its formative influences.

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The Medieval Prison

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Crime et justice au prisme de l’histoire visuelle et matérielle

Crime et justice au prisme de l’histoire visuelle et matérielle

Getting out of jail: suicide, escape and release in late medieval and Renaissance Bologna

Catholicism in Prisons

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