The mediterranean diet: Healthy and sustainable dietary pattern in the time of Sars-Cov-2

Abstract

COVID-19, first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 quickly spread worldwide leading to serious health, social and economic consequences. A crucial role in the pathogenesis of severe disease has been attributed to the inflammatory status, that in more severe cases may evolve in an overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (“cytokine storm)” and fatal outcome. Non-communicable diseases, nutritional disorders and advanced age, conditions associated with a low-grade systemic inflammation and immune function alterations, have been identified as major risks for severe COVID-19. General recommendations for fighting COVID-19 highlighted the paramount importance of adopting a healthy plant-based dietary pattern and healthy lifestyle. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is considered as one of the healthiest dietary patterns, and its benefits are supported by a large body of evidence. Furthermore, it is considered as a sustainable lifestyle model. The aim of this research was to update the multiple benefits of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on physical and mental health, focusing on the effects that it may have in combating COVID-19. The potential effects and mechanisms of action of the main bioactive components of Mediterranean diet were also analyzed. Considering its effects in modulating inflammation and oxidative stress and supporting the immune system, the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be considered the most promising dietary approach to combat COVID-19.

Implication of COVID-19 on Erythrocytes Functionality: Red Blood Cell Biochemical Implications and Morpho-Functional Aspects

“…While on the contrary, dietary imbalances, such as a diet low in essential nutrients or too rich in fat, associated with a high risk of obesity, can increase the risk of complications of viral infections. In fact, a higher body mass index was found to be associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and severity of the disease [118,119]. In particular, the nanoencapsulation of some polyphenols, including caffeine, quercetin and cocoa flavanols, could provide new ideas to deal with the pandemic [120].…”

The Role of Legumes in the Sustainable Mediterranean Diet: Analysis of the Consumption of Legumes in the Mediterranean Population over the Last Ten Years a PRISMA Statement Methodology

“…This information has raised awareness to the point of inducing consumers to make more informed food choices, both from a food and environmental point of view. The notable impact of mass media, such as social networks, has significantly contributed to influencing food choices, increasingly orienting towards a greater consumption of legumes [95].…”