2013
DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-158
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The melanocyte photosensory system in the human skin

Abstract: The pigment cells form the largest population of neural crest cells to migrate into the epidermis and hair follicle along each dermatomic area from the neural folds. The melanopsin system responsible for photoentrainment, was isolated from the photosensitive dermal melanophores of frogs Xenopus laevis responding to light. Melanocytes form a photoresponsive network which reads the environmental seasonal variations in the light cycles in the same manner. The present work was undertaken to study the organization … Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 66 publications
(93 reference statements)
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“…The molecular clock is involved in the mediation of cellular metabolism, replication, and DNA damage responses in response to UV light (Oklejewicz et al, 2008;Sancar et al, 2010;Geyfman et al, 2012) and can also relay light cues (Magalhães Moraes et al, 2014). In addition, melanocytes respond to DNA-damaging UVR stimulation by increasing dendricity, hormone production and pigmentation, as well as by acting as ''sensory'' cells within the epidermis (Slominski et al, 2004;Plonka et al, 2009;Singh et al, 2010;Iyengar, 2013). Therefore, from a skin biology perspective, it is plausible that the biological clock and pigmentation are linked.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The molecular clock is involved in the mediation of cellular metabolism, replication, and DNA damage responses in response to UV light (Oklejewicz et al, 2008;Sancar et al, 2010;Geyfman et al, 2012) and can also relay light cues (Magalhães Moraes et al, 2014). In addition, melanocytes respond to DNA-damaging UVR stimulation by increasing dendricity, hormone production and pigmentation, as well as by acting as ''sensory'' cells within the epidermis (Slominski et al, 2004;Plonka et al, 2009;Singh et al, 2010;Iyengar, 2013). Therefore, from a skin biology perspective, it is plausible that the biological clock and pigmentation are linked.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Skin colour change in mammals is subtle, and regulation is predominantly through a secondary rather than a primary response. Nonetheless, rhodopsin and opsin‐like genes are expressed in human skin (Tsutsumi et al., ), and a melanocyte photosensory system has been suggested (Iyengar, ). Moreover, human skin has extrapituitary cells, including keratinocytes and endothelial cells, that in culture produce ACTH and α ‐MSH in a UV‐light‐dependent manner (Scholzen et al., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We hypothesize ancestral opsins also evolved as a retinoid receptor, initially regulating intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels (cAMP or cGMP) in response to retinaldehyde, the photosensitive metabolic precursor to retinoic acid (Koyanagi et al 2008;Shichida and Matsuyama 2009). In addition, opsin's evolutionary history likely primed their downstream signaling pathways to intertwine with existing GPCR-initiated pathways for stress responses (Peirson et al 2009;Semo et al 2010;Iyengar 2013;Bertolesi et al 2015). Nuclear retinoic acid receptors, melatonin receptors, and opsins all play roles in directing stress responses to UV exposure, but opsins have evolved as both the most accurate photodetector and a potent activator of UV-protective pathways.…”
Section: Origins Of Photoreceptors From Sensors Of Oxidative Stressmentioning
confidence: 97%