“…Second, it is also unknown whether these changes occur in response to stimuli where emotions are portrayed mainly through structural features, such as tempo or harmony in different musical excerpts, instead of the expressiveness proper of the same excerpt interpreted in different moods. Last but not least, since most studies only include happiness as a positive emotion (e.g., Calder et al, 2003;Laukka & Juslin, 2007;Williams et al, 2006), it is impossible to ascertain whether the consistently reported stability for happiness is specific to this emotional quality or rather extends to other positive emotions. Here we examine the recognition of emotional expressions in music over the adult life span (17 -84 years) with a set of stimuli that use structural features as a means to portray two positive emotions, happiness and peacefulness, and two negative ones, sadness and fear/threat (Vieillard, Peretz, Gosselin, Khalfa, Gagnon, & Bouchard, 2008).…”