The Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, seismic hazard maps

Cramer, Chris H.; Gomberg, Joan; Schweig, Eugene S.; Waldron, Brian; Tucker, Karen A.

doi:10.3133/ofr20041294

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, the U.S. national seismic hazard maps (Frankel et al 1997(Frankel et al , 2002 were the basis for the national building and other codes (BSSC 1998). These primary seismic hazard maps are also the basis (input ground motion) for assessing the secondary seismic hazards in the central United States (Street et al 1997(Street et al , 2001Bauer et al 2001;Broughton et al 2001;Rix and Romero-Hudock 2001;Cramer et al 2004Cramer et al , 2006.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Street et al (1997Street et al ( , 2001) applied SHAKE91 to characterize the amplification factors and associated characteristic site periods in the New Madrid Seismic Zone of the central United States. SHAKE91 was also used to map groundmotion hazards in the Memphis, Tenn., metropolitan area from scenario earthquakes in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (Cramer et al 2004(Cramer et al , 2006. The advantage of 1-D ground response analysis is that it considers full dynamic characteristics of seismic wave propagation, but it requires a time history of the input ground motion.…”

Section: -D Ground Response Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methodologies have been applied to characterize and map amplification, liquefaction, and landslide hazards at different scales in the central United States (Harris et al 1994;Street et al 1997Street et al , 2001Bauer et al 2001;Broughton et al 2001;Rix and Romero-Hudock 2001;Cramer et al 2004Cramer et al , 2006. The purpose of this paper is to review the methodologies and limitations of these seismic microzonations carried out in the central United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A technical note on seismic microzonation in the central United States

Wang

2008

J Earth Syst Sci

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Microzonation is an effort to evaluate and map potential hazards found in an area, urban area in particular, that could be induced by strong ground shaking during an earthquake. These hazards include: ground motion amplification, liquefaction, and slope failure. The microzonation maps, depicting ground-motion amplification, liquefaction, and landslide potentials, can be produced if the ground motion on bedrock (input) and the site conditions are known. These maps, in combination with ground-motion hazard maps (on bedrock), can be used to develop a variety of hazard mitigation strategies such as seismic risk assessment, emergency response and preparedness, and land-use planning. However, these maps have certain limitations that result from the nature of regional mapping, data limitations, generalization, and computer modeling. These microzonations show that when strong ground shaking occurs, damage is more likely to occur, or be more severe, in the higher hazard areas. The zones shown on the hazard maps should not serve as a substitute for site-specific evaluations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -D Ground Response Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A technical note on seismic microzonation in the central United States

Wang

2008

J Earth Syst Sci

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“…Cramer et al (2004) generated a suite of seismichazard maps for Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee that account for the site response of sediments in the Mississippi embayment (ME), where the strong-motion sediment response was simulated by the equivalent-linear computer code SHAKE91 (Idriss and Sun, 1992), as well as by implementing the nonlinear site-response codes DEEPSOIL Park, 2001, 2002) and TREMORKA (Kausel and Assimaki, 2002;L. F. Bonilla, personal comm., 2003).…”

Section: Nonlinearity Susceptibility and Modeling As A Function Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although uncertainties have not been quantified, preliminary work showed that the median site response predicted by different algorithms may differ by 50% for the same set of input parameters. Successively, Cramer (2006) combined the methodology by Cramer et al (2004) with the reference profile approach of Toro and Silva (2001) to better estimate seismic hazard in the ME. Improvements over previous approaches included using the 2002 national seismic-hazard model, fully probabilistic hazard calculations, calibration of site amplification with improved nonlinear soil-response estimates, and estimates of uncertainty.…”

Section: Nonlinearity Susceptibility and Modeling As A Function Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Nonlinearity Susceptibility via Site-Response Modeling Uncertainty at Three Sites in the Los Angeles Basin

Assimaki¹,

Li²,

Steidl³

et al. 2008

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The effects of near-surface soil stratigraphy on the amplitude and frequency content of ground motion are accounted for in most modern U.S. seismic design codes for building structures as a function of the soil conditions prevailing in the area of interest. Nonetheless, currently employed site-classification criteria do not adequately describe the nonlinearity susceptibility of soil formations, which prohibits the development of standardized procedures for the computationally efficient integration of nonlinear ground response analyses in broadband ground-motion simulations. In turn, the lack of a unified methodology for nonlinear site-response analyses affects both the prediction accuracy of site-specific ground-motion intensity measures and the evaluation of site-amplification factors when broadband simulations are used for the development of hybrid attenuation relations. In this article, we introduce a set of criteria for quantification of the nonlinearity susceptibility of soil profiles based on the site conditions and incident ground-motion characteristics, and we implement them to identify the least complex ground response prediction methodology required for the simulation of nonlinear site effects at three sites in the Los Angeles basin. The criteria are developed on the basis of a comprehensive nonlinear site-response modeling uncertainty analysis, which includes both detailed soil profile descriptions and statistical adequacy of ground-motion time histories. Approximate and incremental nonlinear models are implemented, and the limited site-response observations are initially compared to the ensemble site-response estimates. A suite of synthetic ground motions for rupture scenarios of weak, medium, and large magnitude events (M 3:5-7:5) is next generated, parametric studies are conducted for each fixed magnitude scenario by varying the source-to-site distance, and the variability introduced in ground-motion predictions is quantified for each nonlinear site-response methodology. A frequency index is developed to describe the frequency content of incident ground motion relative to the resonant frequencies of the soil profile, and this index is used in conjunction with the rock-outcrop acceleration peak amplitude (PGA RO ) to identify the site conditions and ground-motion characteristics where incremental nonlinear analyses should be employed in lieu of approximate methodologies. We show that the proposed intensity-frequency representation of ground motion may be implemented to describe the nonlinearity susceptibility of soil formations in broadband simulations by accounting both for the magnitude-distance-orientation characteristics of seismic motion and the profile stiffness characteristics. The synthetic ground-motion predictions are next used for the development of site-amplification factors for the alternative site-response methodologies, and the results are compared to published site factors of attenuation relations. For the site conditions investigated, currently established amplification fac...

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Site Effects in Ground Motion Synthetics for Structural Performance Predictions

Assimaki

Fragiadakis

2010

Computational Methods in Applied Sciences

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The Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, seismic hazard maps

Cited by 38 publications

References 25 publications

A technical note on seismic microzonation in the central United States

A technical note on seismic microzonation in the central United States

Quantifying Nonlinearity Susceptibility via Site-Response Modeling Uncertainty at Three Sites in the Los Angeles Basin

Site Effects in Ground Motion Synthetics for Structural Performance Predictions

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