The Menstrual Cycle and Sport Performance

Constantini, Naama; Dubnov, Gal; Lebrun, Constance M.

doi:10.1016/j.csm.2005.01.003

Cited by 200 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the evidence does not support this statement (4,(8)(9)(10)17,19) . Reviewing the literature, it is observed that the issue of strength performance concerning the different phases of the MC still remains controverse (2,5,7) . It is important to highlight that, this fact can be partly explained by the lack of suitable experimental controls as well as the wide variation in the kinds of methods used to determine the CM phase (body temperature vs. hormonal exams) and in the regulation of the time of the tests (menstruation vs. next and/or mean, follicular phase vs. ovulatory phase vs. mean and /or u next luteal phase during the MC) (12) .…”

Section: Lutealmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the literature presents controversial results (5,7) . While some evidence demonstrates there are not significant differences in physiological aspects (O 2 consumption, lactate threshold, plasmatic volume, hemoglobin concentration and ventilation) in the three phases of the MC (2) , other studies (4,(8)(9)(10) have verified differences in the hormonal concentrations, with no alteration in muscle strength between phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have assessed the effect of the hormonal oscillations derived from the MC on physical performance (2,(4)(5)(6)(7) . However, the literature presents controversial results (5,7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efeito das diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual no desempenho da força muscular em 10RM

Loureiro

Dias

Sales

et al. 2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) on muscular strength performance in resistance exercises. Nine healthy and physically active women, aged 27±7 yrs, body mass 58.2±5 kg, height 161.1±4.7 cm and BMI 20.4±2 kg/m2 participated in the study. All of them had regular MCs (28-31 days), used oral contraceptives and had been experienced in resistance exercises for at least eight months. Muscle strength was evaluated with a 10RM test in the following order: leg press 45º, bench press, leg extension and biceps curl. The tests were performed in the three phases of the MC: follicular (between the 3rd and 5th day of menses), ovulatory (between 9th and 10th days) and luteal (between 17th and 21th days). ANOVA for repeated measures was applied for statistical analysis, data were analyzed in the SPSS 15.0 and level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). No significant statistical differences were observed in the mobilized weight between the MC periods in those four exercises. Regarding the leg press exercise, a 5% increment in muscle strength was observed on the luteal phase. In the remaining exercises and phases these differences were not observed. In conclusion, the phases of the MC did not affect performance of muscular strength in resistance exercise, both single and multiple joint, for large or small muscle groups or in different body segments.

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Section: Lutealmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efeito das diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual no desempenho da força muscular em 10RM

Loureiro

Dias

Sales

et al. 2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…Many reports have documented that the premenstrual phase is associated with decreased athletic performance,5, 6 but there are few reports about PMS in athletes. Previously, we reported that PMS is a common menstrual problem in female high school and collegiate athletes, and almost half of them reported negative effects of premenstrual symptoms on athletic performance 7, 8, 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premenstrual symptoms interference and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes: A cross‐sectional study

Takeda

Ueno

Uchiyama

et al. 2017

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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AimConsumption of soy isoflavones reduces the risk of estrogen‐related diseases, such as menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. Equol is metabolized from the isoflavone daidzein by intestinal bacteria and has higher bioavailability than other isoflavones. Equol producers are believed to benefit from soybean consumption to a greater extent than non‐producers. Recently, we showed that equol non‐producers were at significant risk of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Previously, we reported that PMS is a common menstrual problem in female athletes, and almost half of the studied athletes felt a negative effect of premenstrual symptoms on their athletic performance. This study was conducted to evaluate the relation between PMS and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, observational study that included 88 Japanese female collegiate athletes. Equol production status was determined using urine samples collected after a soy challenge test. The subjects also completed a questionnaire about their premenstrual symptoms and their competitive career.ResultsThe prevalence of equol producers was 29.5% in Japanese collegiate athletes. The athletic performance of 54.5% of athletes was found to suffer in competition or in practice due to premenstrual symptoms. In multivariate analysis, equol non‐producers (odds ratio, 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–12.20) and restriction of bodyweight (odds ratio, 4.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–20.00) were shown to be significant risk factors for poor athletic performance.ConclusionThis study showed a relation between athletic performance and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes.

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“…This cycle and corresponding fluctuating levels of hormones can affect female athletes in a number of ways. It is well-known that premenstrual and menstrual symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, fatigue, fluid retention, weight gain, and mood changes have the potential to negatively affect performance [4]. There are also more subtle effects of these hormones, both endogenous and exogenous, that may affect physiologic processes in the human body affecting athletic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Contraceptive Use May Attenuate Menstrual Cycle-Induced Ventilatory Changes in Endurance Trained Runners

Packard¹

2011

TOSMJ

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Abstract:The relationship between two menstrual cycle phases and cardio respiratory fitness in athletes on oral contraceptives and not on oral contraceptives was assessed in a pilot study. Twelve endurance-trained college cross country runners underwent maximal oxygen consumption treadmill testing, during the late follicular/ovulatory phase and late luteal/premenstrual phase of their menstrual cycle. No significant differences were detected in maximal oxygen consumption between the oral contraceptive group and non-oral contraceptive group or between the two phases. There was a non-significant phase effect in the non-oral contraceptive group with maximal ventilation averaging 90.5±14.6 L/min during the late follicular/ovulatory phase and decreasing to 79.1±9.8 L/min during the late luteal/premenstrual phase (p=0.102). Maximal ventilation was significantly lower by 15.6% between oral contraceptive and non-oral contraceptive users during the late luteal/premenstrual phase (93.7+7.2 L/min vs 79.1+9.8 L/min, p=0.014, respectively). There was no significant phase effect in the oral contraceptive group for maximal ventilation. While oral contraceptive use was associated with an attenuation of the negative effect of the late luteal/premenstrual phase on ventilator performance, there was no effect on maximal oxygen consumption.

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The Menstrual Cycle and Sport Performance

Cited by 200 publications

References 107 publications

Efeito das diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual no desempenho da força muscular em 10RM

Efeito das diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual no desempenho da força muscular em 10RM

Premenstrual symptoms interference and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes: A cross‐sectional study

Oral Contraceptive Use May Attenuate Menstrual Cycle-Induced Ventilatory Changes in Endurance Trained Runners

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