The mental health of those whose rights have been taken away: An essay on the mental health of indigenous peoples in the face of the 2019 Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak

Júnior, Jucier Gonçalves; Moreira, Marcial Moreno; Pinheiro, Woneska Rodrigues; Amorim, Liromaria Maria de; Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares; Silva, Cláudio Gleidiston Lima da; Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113094

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Additionally, it is relevant to reinforce the need for social isolation, use of masks, and gel alcohol. This might be a problem, since the adoption of such practices might be interpreted by the Indigenous individuals as loss of their cultural identity, possibly, damaging their mental health [ 27 ]. Moreover, although social isolation, use of masks, and gel alcohol and other attitudes are considered a public health measure by the World Health Organization to reduce the contagion rate, several speeches by the Brazilian President Jair Messias Bolsonaro are against this recommendation because he prioritizes the economy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population

Mendes

Pereira

Lima

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several neglected populations such as the Indigenous peoples, which have suffered a high impact from the pandemic. Objectives To analyze the impact on the health and disease process according to the COVID-19 evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population. Methods Data was collected from press releases by the Health Ministry and a descriptive analysis of the numbers of Indigenous individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil was carried out. Results In February 2021, there were 41,855 confirmed cases of Indigenous individuals infected by the SARS-CoV-2, including 4,387 active cases, 36,809 recovered cases, and 549 deaths. The Brazilian Indigenous population is distributed in over 300 ethnic groups and, due to the high number of deaths by the COVID-19, many of these groups are endangered. The elderly are the most affected age group, and they play a fundamental role among the Indigenous population for transmitting their customs mainly orally. Indigenous populations do not have proper access to transport to specialized health centers, since many areas are inaccessible and other cases require air or river transportation, which many times results in late assistance. When managing the COVID-19, it is important to emphasize the need for social isolation to prevent the virus from spreading among the Indigenous groups, mainly due to their contact with other ethnic groups represented by missionaries, hunters, and wood explorers, among others. Conclusion The adoption of practices that can reduce the virus transmission among the Indigenous population and provide them with better access to treatment, mainly for the elderly, must be prioritized in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population

Mendes

Pereira

Lima

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indigenous people also face similar mental health disparities. There are presently 45 million indigenous people living in Latin America, 5.2 million in the United States, 2 million in Canada, and 798363 Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander living in Australia[ 38 ]. In a controlled variable study, being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander was a strong predictor for higher anxiety, suggesting that indigenous people in Australia might be more vulnerable to poorer mental health outcomes[ 39 ].…”

Section: Ethnic Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, many indigenous people cannot access health services due to geographical distance and unavailability of care[ 41 ]. Restrictive bans placed by governments to prevent the pandemic’s spread can further complicate travel by health care workers to these remote places[ 38 ]. In specific indigenous communities such as the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis in Canada, there have been lower rates of COVID-19 compared to non-indigenous people due to protective measures taken by their leaders[ 42 ].…”

Section: Ethnic Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global health disparities in vulnerable populations of psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Diaz¹,

Baweja²,

Bonatakis³

et al. 2021

WJP

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The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic affects psychiatric patients disproportionately compared to the general population. In this narrative review, we examine the impact of the pandemic on significant global health disparities affecting vulnerable populations of psychiatric patients: People of diverse ethnic background and color, children with disabilities, sexual and gender minorities, pregnant women, mature adults, and those patients living in urban and rural communities. The identified disparities cause worsened mental health outcomes placing psychiatric patients at higher risk for depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Those psychiatric patients who are ethnic minorities display barriers to care, including collective trauma and structural racism. Sexual and gender minorities with mental illness face discrimination and limited access to treatment. Pregnant women with psychiatric diagnoses show higher exposure to domestic violence. Children with disabilities face a higher risk of worsening behavior. Mature adults with psychiatric problems show depression due to social isolation. Psychiatric patients who live in urban communities face pollutants and overcrowding compared to those living in rural communities, which face limited access to telehealth services. We suggest that social programs that decrease discrimination, enhance communal resilience, and help overcome systemic barriers of care should be developed to decrease global health disparities in vulnerable population.

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“…It is possible that current gender-neutral or gender-blind approaches to transmission of information in the COVID-19 pandemic are failing to reach specific aspects of society. Moreover, measures for the prevention and control of the COVID 19 pandemic have been criticized as being designed for a Western capitalist society without accounting for impact on other cultures, including that of Indigenous peoples (Junior et al 2020 ), with important gendered health implications in these communities (Levesque and Quesnel-Vallee 2019 ).…”

Section: Potential Gender-related Factors Influencing Sars-cov-2 Infementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex, gender and COVID-19: a call to action

Ahmed

Dumanski

2020

Can J Public Health

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An understanding of the influence of sex (biological attributes) and gender (socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions, identities) factors on the risk of infection, hospitalization and death is of urgent importance in the COVID-19 pandemic response effort. Despite similar global rates of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic), hospitalizations and mortality are higher in men than in women. Females may be less vulnerable to viral infection due to sex-based differences in immune responses and renin-angiotensin system activity. The response and side effects of currently studied potential therapies for COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine, likely differ by sex. Women form the majority of the health care workforce and a uniform approach to sizing of personal protective equipment may provide differing levels of protection from viral infection to health care workers of varying shapes and sizes. Important gender differences exist in the response to public health measures to prevent and contain spread of COVID-19, as well as presentation for testing and medical care, which may inadvertently propagate viral spread. Targeted approaches that consider both sex and gender, as well as measures of intersectionality, are urgently needed in the response efforts against COVID-19. Résumé Il est d'une importance primordiale, pour riposter à la pandémie de COVID-19, de comprendre l'influence des facteurs liés au sexe (les attributs biologiques) et au genre (les rôles, comportements, expressions et identités socialement construits) sur les risques d'infection, d'hospitalisation et de décès. Malgré la similarité mondiale des taux d'infection par le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SRAS-Cov-2, le virus responsable de la pandémie de COVID-19), les hospitalisations et la mortalité sont plus élevées chez les hommes que chez les femmes. Celles-ci pourraient être moins vulnérables à l'infection virale en raison de différences sexuelles dans les réponses immunitaires et dans l'activité du système rénine-angiotensine. Les réactions et les effets secondaires aux traitements possibles de la COVID-19 actuellement à l'étude, comme l'hydroxychloroquine, diffèrent probablement selon le sexe. Comme les femmes composent la majorité de la main-d'oeuvre des soins de santé, les tailles uniformes de l'équipement de protection individuelle offrent peut-être des niveaux de protection inégaux contre l'infection virale aux travailleurs de la santé de formes et de tailles différentes. Il existe des différences importantes entre les genres dans les réactions aux mesures de santé publique visant à prévenir et à contenir la propagation de la COVID-19 et dans la présentation aux tests et aux soins médicaux, ce qui pourrait par inadvertance favoriser la propagation virale. Dans la riposte à la COVID-19, il devient urgent d'adopter des approches ciblées, qui tiennent compte à la fois du sexe et du genre, ainsi que des mesures de l'intersectionnalité.

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The mental health of those whose rights have been taken away: An essay on the mental health of indigenous peoples in the face of the 2019 Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak

Abstract: The mental health of those whose rights have been taken away: An essay on the mental health of indigenous peoples in the face of the 2019 Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population

COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population

Global health disparities in vulnerable populations of psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sex, gender and COVID-19: a call to action

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