The merits of multi-hop communication in deep space

Breidenthal, Julian C.

doi:10.1109/aero.2000.879389

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Thus, we prefer to arrange the communication distance from relay to Mars to be much smaller than the communication distance from relay to Earth. Location E satisfies this principle, and could provide high data rate with reasonable apertures, but would require a multi-hop solution to solve the solar conjunction issue and would therefore be more expensive, but not necessarily proportionally so compared to the data rate advantages 1 . However, we chose to avoid the multi-hop solution for this study.…”

Section: A Potential Relay Positionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep Space Relay Terminals for Mars Superior Conjunction

Breidenthal

Jesick

Xie

et al. 2018

2018 SpaceOps Conference

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The Sun periodically blocks direct communication between the Earth and Mars, creating a need for a relay when missions have a critical need for communication during these times. We examined several approaches based on optical or radio-frequency relays placed in deep space between the Earth and Mars, exploring multiple possible placements of relays, including periodic orbits in the Sun-Earth and Sun-Mars rotating frames, and eccentric, sun-centered orbits. L4 and L5 long-period orbits in the sun-Mars system provide suitable communications geometry continuously for very long durations. In such an orbit, a deep space relay terminal with two 50 cm optical telescopes and two 75 cm Ka-band dish antennas, along with associated receivers and transmitters, would be capable of supporting Mars superior conjunctions with an optical data rate of 28 to 44 Mbps for return links, and 30-36 Mbps in the forward direction. The relay should use efficient, low-noise optical detectors, such as appropriately cooled Avalanche Photo Diode or Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors, to achieve these data rates. The single relay discussed in this study might have additional value beyond communications, providing a synergistic platform for solar observation, solar wind observation, gravitational studies, the search for near-earth asteroids, or a navigational beacon.

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Section: A Potential Relay Positionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At times, the relay will be in view when the Earth is not, extending the potential communication time for a near-Mars terminal. Finally, a single relay might eventually be combined with other relays to form a multi-hop network in deep space, resulting in a higher possible data rate 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Space Relay Terminals for Mars Superior Conjunction

Breidenthal

Jesick

Xie

et al. 2018

2018 SpaceOps Conference

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“…In [23] and [24], a multihop relaying scheme was put forward to enhance the efficiency-to-cost ratio and the capacity of space communication with high link availability beyond that available with a typical single-hop link. NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) have deployed in-plan relay payloads on their Mars orbiters to achieve more science return [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFDP-based two-hop relaying protocol over weather-dependent Ka-band space channel

Yang

Jiao

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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In this paper, we propose a novel relaying protocol based on the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) over a weather-dependent Ka-band channel, which exploits a dual-hop link instead of the traditional single-hop link for a 100% file delivery service on scientific data return. We designed the specific model of the proposed protocol and provide the analytical results on the expected latency and link efficiency of the file delivery. Based on the proposed model, we discuss the exact location of the relay node that could minimize the expected file delivery delay by examining several practical relay locations for the proposed protocol. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional CFDP, the proposed file delivery protocol could effectively reduce the total file delivery time by several orders of astronomical units and enhance link efficiency with noticeable increments, especially under conditions of high bit error rates (above 10 −5 ).

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“…In traditional wireless networks, for example, WiFi networks, devices are connected to the wired Internet backbone within one wireless hop. Seldom do we see a traditional wireless network having multiple wireless hops unless it is for specific purposes like deep-space [ 6 ] and deep-sea communications [ 7 ]. In contrast, the evolution of IoT diversifies the wireless network topologies [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Protocol Design Paradigm for Batched Sparse Codes

Yin

Yeung

Yang

2020

Entropy

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Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of everyday objects to the Internet. The mobility of devices can be facilitated by means of employing multiple wireless links. However, packet loss is a common phenomenon in wireless communications, where the traditional forwarding strategy undergoes severe performance issues in a multi-hop wireless network. One solution is to apply batched sparse (BATS) codes. A fundamental difference from the traditional strategy is that BATS codes require the intermediate network nodes to perform recoding, which generates recoded packets by network coding operations. Literature showed that advanced recoding schemes and burst packet loss can enhance and diminish the performance of BATS codes respectively. However, the existing protocols for BATS codes cannot handle both of them at the same time. In this paper, we propose a paradigm of protocol design for BATS codes. Our design can be applied in different layers of the network stack and it is compatible to the existing network infrastructures. The modular nature of the protocol can support different recoding techniques and different ways to handle burst packet loss. We also give some examples to demonstrate how to use the protocol.

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The merits of multi-hop communication in deep space

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Deep Space Relay Terminals for Mars Superior Conjunction

Deep Space Relay Terminals for Mars Superior Conjunction

CFDP-based two-hop relaying protocol over weather-dependent Ka-band space channel

A Protocol Design Paradigm for Batched Sparse Codes

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