The MERMOSE project: Characterization of particulate matter emissions of a commercial aircraft engine

Delhaye, D.; Ouf, F. X.; Ferry, Daniel; Ortega, Ismaël K.; Penanhoat, O.; Peillon, S.; Salm, F.; Vancassel, Xavier; Focşa, Cristian; Irimiea, Cornélia; Harivel, N.; Pérez, Bruno; Quinton, E.; Yon, Jérôme; Gaffié, D.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.11.018

Cited by 59 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this context, determining physical and chemical properties of aircraft soot particles is necessary to reach enough knowledge of their radiative properties, ice nucleation ability and toxicity, allowing developing guidance for their future regulation. However, collecting soot particles at the exhaust of a jet engine is a challenging task, requiring complex and expensive facilities [13][14][15][16][17]. It likely explains the sparseness of their studies [12] compared to other combustion soot, like diesel soot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft and MiniCAST soot at the nanoscale

Marhaba

Ferry

Laffon

et al. 2019

Combustion and Flame

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been used to compare the nanoscale characteristics of aircraft soot collected at the exhaust of a recent PowerJet SaM146 jet engine, with those of soot generated by a MiniCAST burner. Analyses show that some MiniCAST operating conditions enable generating soot particles of morphology, internal nano-structure and chemical structure close to those of aircraft soot. However, MiniCAST soot have gyration diameters systematically larger compared to aircraft soot. Provided that this imperfect agreement is not critical for the studied properties, MiniCAST soot might be used as a relevant analogue of aircraft soot for studying some of their physical or chemical properties, offering a convenient and affordable way to conduct laboratory studies on the environmental impacts of aviation emitted particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft and MiniCAST soot at the nanoscale

Marhaba

Ferry

Laffon

et al. 2019

Combustion and Flame

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“…Using various ionization schemes, it is further possible to selectively detect different classes of molecules. Aromatic species can then be detected using a resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) scheme at 266 nm (Bouvier et al, 2007;Faccinetto et al, 2011Faccinetto et al, , 2015Delhaye et al, 2017), whereas aliphatic species will be preferentially detected using a single-photon ionization (SPI) scheme at 118 nm (10.5 eV) (Öktem et al, 2004;Ferge et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Diesel/Biodiesel Particulate Exhaust by FTIR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Fuel and Driving Cycle

Popovicheva

Irimiea

Carpentier

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The growing concern about air quality and the impact exhaust particles can have on the environment has resulted in the increased use of alternative fuels. A sampling campaign from a conventional heavy diesel engine operated in typical transient cycle or steady-state condition, and running on diesel, 30% biodiesel in diesel, and 100% biodiesel was carried out. The particulate composition was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Two-step Laser Mass Spectrometry (L2MS), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), thermo-optical analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Elemental carbon is demonstrated to decrease from diesel to 100% biodiesel, in agreement with the evolution of aromatic bands and the MS abundance of C n -fragments, while organic carbon exhibits a constant level irrespective of the working regime. Aliphatic, aromatic, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl functionalities, and nitro compounds are found to depend on the engine-working regime. Mass spectra are mainly characterized by alkyl fragments (C n H 2n+1 + ), associated to normal and branched alkanes, PAHs and their alkylated derivatives. The addition of biodiesel to diesel changes the particulate composition towards more oxygenated constituents, such as carbonyl groups attributed to methyl ester CH 3 O + fragments of unburned biodiesel. Fuel-specific fragments have been identified, such as C 3 H 7 O + for diesel, and C 2 H 3 O 2 + and CH 3 O -for biodiesel. Nitrogenized compounds are revealed by -NO 2 functionalities and N-containing fragments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was successfully applied to discriminate the engine operating conditions, with a higher variance given by the fuel, thus allowing to better evaluate the environmental impacts of alternative energy source emissions.

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“…Both approaches are widely used in analysis of mass spectra obtained with aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) [20][21][22] , proton transfer reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) 23,24 , and laser-based MS techniques 19,25,26 . Discrimination using marker species was applied to samples of various sources, proving its effectiveness when comparing soot emitted from wood combustion 20,27 , on-road vehicles 25 , aircrafts [22][23][24]28,29 , ships 30 or other ambient aerosols 21 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 105 (PAHs), often found adsorbed on the surface of soot particles, are 106 known to be toxic and to have mutagenic effects 34,35 . In addition, Our group has been addressing this issue of untangling surface 112 chemical compositions of field-collected or laboratory-generated 113 combustion aerosols for over a decade 10,18,19,26,29,30,[37][38][39][40] . We Ltd., which is currently proposed as a means of obtaining "standard" soot easily comparable to other studies [41][42][43] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%