The metabolic demand of external load carriage in golfers: a comparison of a single versus double-strap golf bag

Holland, Christopher; Godwin, Mark

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09668-3

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Additionally, a previous study indicated that cardiovascular stress, including HR, was 10% greater when a single bag was carried at the chest than that when held at the sides of the body [1]. Furthermore, carrying a double-strap bag (golf bag) might require less VdotO2 and require a lower HR than a single-strap bag [12]. In this study, cardiac responses did not vary based on bag carrying method, even for one-handed bag carrying (VH).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bag Carrying Method during Level Walking Affects Perceived Exertion Ratings without Altering Energy Cost, Oxygen Consumption, and Heart Rate in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Honda

Maeda²,

Ando

et al. 2020

Exerc Med

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History:Objectives: Little is known regarding the associations between Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE), cardiopulmonary responses, and carrying bags while level walking. We investigated the changes in RPE and cardiopulmonary responses, including energy cost (EC), oxygen consumption (VdotO₂), and heart rate (HR), when walking with a bag.Methods: This randomized crossover study included 10 healthy adults (aged 21-22 years). Four days of experiments were performed at intervals of 1-2 weeks. The participants walked on a level treadmill while carrying a bag with a strap weighting 5 kg, placed diagonally on their shoulders (DS), vertically on their shoulders (VS), vertically in one hand (VH), and on their backs using both shoulders (BS) for 20 min. Walking speed was stable among all experiments, and was set to the participants' preferred speed.Results: No significant differences between bag carrying methods regarding EC, VdotO₂, and %HRreserve (based on HR) were observed, whereas RPE respiratory (RPE-resp) and RPE leg muscle (RPE-leg) scores varied based on bag carrying method used. RPE-resp score was significantly lower for DS and BS than VH (both p < 0.0083); however, no significant difference was observed when each RPE-leg score was compared. Conclusions:We found that RPE-resp score varied, whereas no changes in EC, VdotO₂, and HR were observed in healthy adults while walking with different bag carrying methods. Additionally, of all bag carrying methods assessed, the highest RPE-resp score was observed when individuals carried a bag with one-hand at their side.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bag Carrying Method during Level Walking Affects Perceived Exertion Ratings without Altering Energy Cost, Oxygen Consumption, and Heart Rate in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Honda

Maeda²,

Ando

et al. 2020

Exerc Med

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“…A 2017 article on physical activity accrued while playing golf in the British Medical Journal by Luscombe et al reviewed 19 studies. Five studies had both energy expenditure and distance walked during the round of golf with using either a cart or carrying the clubs as an endpoint [8,[14][15][16][17]. The articles were reviewed for course yardage and a google search was used to find the current course length.…”

Section: Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Golf: How Longer Courses Are Changing Athletes and Their Approach to the Game

Zoffer

2022

Nutrients

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Nutritional guidance for competitive golfers to improve performance is limited. Recommendations and study conclusions from older research used smaller golf courses compared to today and require a reevaluation of energy expenditure. This review identifies aerobic fitness, in addition to strength, as a key determinant of success. A novel nutritional approach that incorporates carbohydrate supplementation to support aerobic fitness without sacrificing the ability to build strength is presented since longer courses require more stamina. Strategies for training, competition, and recovery are outlined based on different skill levels. American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines for carbohydrates, protein, and hydration intake are tailored specifically for competitive golf based on this approach. Putting requires precise movement and can be affected by fatigue. Nutritional studies in golf and similar sports that require focused movements are presented, exhibiting an improvement with adequate hydration and carbohydrate status and caffeine use. Competitive golf poses unique challenges to an athlete and commonly used ergogenic supplements that can improve performance in a variety of circumstances during training, competition, and while traveling are reviewed.

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“…Two studies were conducted on the metabolic cost of carrying golf clubs in a single bag while walking on a treadmill. Holland and Godwin [11], using 16 male recreational golfers, found that carrying a 12.5 kg double-strap golf bag resulted in less metabolic stress (e.g., oxygen cost, HR) than carrying a single-strap bag. Ikeda et al [12] found similar results in a comparable study with 15 males.…”

Section: Current State Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

The Golf Caddie - The Forgotten Worker

Adams¹,

Sevene²,

Walsh³

et al. 2020

JPAR

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Caddies are an integral part of the game of golf. As an occupation, little is known regarding the physical and psychological demands of caddying. Likewise, there is a dearth of scientific literature regarding musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among caddies. This research endeavor attempted to provide a review of literature regarding the physical demands associated with caddying as well as the prevalence of MSDs. The authors then provide targeted research recommendations to address the shortcomings of the current state of the scientific literature as related to the occupation of caddying. This information may help inform workplace health intervention strategies to improve job performance/satisfaction, lower the occurrence of MSDs, lower health care costs, increase occupational longevity, and enhance the quality of life for the professional caddie.

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The metabolic demand of external load carriage in golfers: a comparison of a single versus double-strap golf bag

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Bag Carrying Method during Level Walking Affects Perceived Exertion Ratings without Altering Energy Cost, Oxygen Consumption, and Heart Rate in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Bag Carrying Method during Level Walking Affects Perceived Exertion Ratings without Altering Energy Cost, Oxygen Consumption, and Heart Rate in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Competitive Golf: How Longer Courses Are Changing Athletes and Their Approach to the Game

The Golf Caddie - The Forgotten Worker

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