The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS)

Girman, Cynthia J.; Rhodes, Thomas; Mercuri, Michele; Pyörälà, Kalevi; Kjekshus, John; Pedersen, Terje R.; Beere, Polly A.; Gotto, Antonio M.; Clearfield, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.09.028

Cited by 460 publications

(295 citation statements)

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“…5 High prevalence of MetS has also been reported in selected populations, such as post-MI (46%) 14,16 or primary prevention populations. 17 Outside the US, the prevalence of MetS ranges from 15% to 38%. 18 We found a higher prevalence of MetS than previous US reports and also evaluated the impact of MetS on mortality in patients with HF from an indigent HFDM population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have also identified HDL-C, elevated triglycerides, and blood pressure as predictors of major coronary events. 16,17 Limitations include the use of a single center site of indigent HF patients and may not generalize to the entire HF population. The components of MetS were only measured at baseline, and therefore no changes over time could be examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Syndrome Increases Mortality in Heart Failure

Tamariz

Hassan

Palacio

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and heart failure, but little is known about the impact of MetS in patients who already have heart failure (HF).HypothesisMetS increases mortality in HF.MethodsWe performed an analysis in 865 indigent HF patients enrolled in a HF disease management program at the Chabert Medical Center in Louisiana. All subjects were classified as having MetS if they met three or more of the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Mortality was defined using the Social Security Death Index. We calculated the relative hazard (RH) of death for those patients with and without MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37–43). These subjects had similar ages (54.3±13.4 vs 55.7±12.8 years), more likely to be female (43% vs 33%), had similar baseline ejection fraction (31.4±9.7 vs 30.0±11.0), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification (2.20±0.9 vs 2.15±0.9). After 2.6±2.2 years of follow‐up 24% of the MetS group died compared to 16% in the non‐MetS group (p < 0.01). The RH of death for the MetS group was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.1) when compared to the non‐MetS group after adjustment demographics, use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and β‐blocker, hematocrit, creatinine, educational level, and baseline ejection fraction.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS is high in indigent HF patients, and it increases the risk of death. Physicians treating patients with HF need to address the current MetS epidemic in HF. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome Increases Mortality in Heart Failure

Tamariz

Hassan

Palacio

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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“…Abdominal obesity has been reported as a risk factor for CVD worldwide and is likely a better clinical surrogate marker of obesity risk than BMI (9)(10)(11)(12). This has been reported in men (13), women (14) and in large cohorts (10,11,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). In addition, the…”

Section: Definition Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Targeting abdominal obesity in cardiology: Can we be effective?

Poirier

2008

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

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“…Among them are high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the metabolic syndrome. Mounting evidence supports the role of hs-CRP as a prognosticator among patients with vascular disease including ischemic stroke, while the metabolic syndrome which is a constellation of metabolic factors linked to insulin resistance, has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke [14], above and beyond traditional risk scoring paradigms [15]. Although relations between these nonconventional risk factors and each etiological subtype of ischemic stroke have been reported [16][17][18][19], there is a paucity of data regarding the determinants of topographic subtypes of ischemic stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%