The Metabolism of Acetic Acid, Propionic Acid and Butyric Acid in Sheep

Annison, E. F.; Leng, R. A.; Lindsay, D. B.; White, R. R.

doi:10.1042/bj0880248

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Blood glucose concentration was significantly different between the NCB-and CCB-treated calves. It has been suggested that propionate is the essential substrate for glucose synthesis in ruminants (Annison et al, 1963). Indeed, the elevated serum concentrations of glucose and insulin were accompanied with an increased propionate concentration in the CCB calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Performance and physiological responses of milk-fed calves to coated calcium butyrate supplementation

Nazari¹,

Karkoodi²,

Alizadeh³

2012

SA J. An. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of coated calcium butyrate (CCB) on calf performance and some blood parameters. Sixteen female Holstein calves with a mean age of 3 ± 1 d were divided into two equal groups and fed a milk replacer supplemented with 3 g of coated calcium butyrate (CCB)/day or with no coated calcium butyrate (NCB). The calves had free access to solid feed and water. Body weight was measured at days 3, 12, 24, 36 and 48 (weaning day). Respiratory rate and rectal temperature (within first 4 weeks of life), feed intake and faecal score (during the whole experimental period) were recorded daily. Rumen fluid was taken for volatile fatty acid (VFA) determination on days 33 and 48, and structural growth (rump height, withers height and hip width) was recorded on days 3, 24 and 48. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 12, 24, 36 and 48. Feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and structural growth of calves were improved by CCB supplementation. There were no significant differences on rectal temperature, respiratory rate and faecal score between the treatments. Rumen concentration of total VFAs increased and the VFA profile was affected on days 33 and 48 by CCB supplementation. The supplementation of milk replacer of calves with coated calcium butyrate significantly increased serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and β-hydroxybutyrate. Serum concentration of cortisol in the CCB calves was numerically lower than in NCB. In conclusion, supplementation of calves' milk replacer with the coated calcium butyrate could improve calf performance. ________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Performance and physiological responses of milk-fed calves to coated calcium butyrate supplementation

Nazari¹,

Karkoodi²,

Alizadeh³

2012

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…The high-NFC (starch) diet intake results in the production of a large amount of propionate [5,12], from which Glu is derived [4]. The increased production of Glu used as an energy source may increase the frequency of the lipogenesis from acetate, and the propionate and Glu promote the secretion of insulin stimulating the lipogenesis [6,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values of the Serum Components in Japanese Black Beef Steers at Farms with High Productivity and Low Frequencies of Disease and Death in Miyazaki Prefecture.

Adachi¹,

Kawano²,

Tsuno³

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Few reference values for use in metabolic profile tests for the maintenance of high productivity and the prevention of production diseases have been reported in Japanese Black beef cattle. To obtain basic data, 101 healthy steers at farms with high productivity and low frequencies of disease and death in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, were examined for the values of their serum components in this preliminary study. At the later fattening stage (5 to 20 months after introduction), statistically significant increases were observed in the mean serum activities of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and creatine phosphokinase, the mean serum contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, albumin (Alb), total protein, blood urea nitrogen, magnesium, and vitamin E, and the mean serum calcium (Ca)/inorganic phosphorus (IP) ratio, and statistically significant decreases were seen in the mean serum alkaline phosphatase activity and the mean serum contents of glucose, IP, and vitamin A. The mean serum Alb/ globulin ratio and the mean serum Ca and nonesterified fatty acids contents demonstrated no statistically significant changes. -KEY WORDS: beef cattle (Japanese Black), serum component value, steer.

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“…There is a small unidirectional uptake of acetate, but the liver appears to be a net acetate producer (Reynolds, 1995). Acetate is produced from intra-mitochondrial acetyl-CoA mainly from the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids along with β-hydroxybutyrate but also from all substrates potentially metabolized into acetyl-CoA, such as butyrate (Annison et al, 1963), other volatile fatty acids and ethanol from silages (Buckley and Williamson, 1977), and amino acids (Pethick et al, 1981). The present study tested relationships between net hepatic fluxes of acetate and the total net hepatic uptake of non-esterified fatty acids or EB.…”

Section: Selection Of Publications and Description Of The Nutritionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical prediction of net splanchnic release of ketogenic nutrients, acetate, butyrate and β-hydroxybutyrate in ruminants: a meta-analysis

Loncke

Nozière

Bahloul

et al. 2015

Animal

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For energy feeding systems for ruminants to evolve towards a nutrient-based system, dietary energy supply has to be determined in terms of amount and nature of nutrients. The objective of this study was to establish response equations of the net hepatic flux and net splanchnic release of acetate, butyrate and β-hydroxybutyrate to changes in diet and animal profiles. A meta-analysis was applied on published data compiled from the FLuxes of nutrients across Organs and tissues in Ruminant Animals database, which pools the results from international publications on net splanchnic nutrient fluxes measured in multi-catheterized ruminants. Prediction variables were identified from current knowledge on digestion, hepatic and other tissue metabolism. Subsequently, physiological and other, more integrative, predictors were obtained. Models were established for intakes up to 41 g dry matter per kg BW per day and diets containing up to 70 g concentrate per 100 g dry matter. Models predicted the net hepatic fluxes or net splanchnic release of each nutrient from its net portal appearance and the animal profile. Corrections were applied to account for incomplete hepatic recovery of the blood flow marker, para-aminohippuric acid. Changes in net splanchnic release (mmol/kg BW per hour) could then be predicted by combining the previously published net portal appearance models and the present net hepatic fluxes models. The net splanchnic release of acetate and butyrate were thus predicted from the intake of ruminally fermented organic matter (RfOM) and the nature of RfOM (acetate: residual mean square error (RMSE) = 0.18; butyrate: RMSE = 0.01). The net splanchnic release of β-hydroxybutyrate was predicted from RfOM intake and the energy balance of the animals (RMSE = 0.035), or from the net portal appearance of butyrate and the energy balance of the animals (RMSE = 0.050). Models obtained were independent of ruminant species, and presented low interfering factors on the residuals, least square means or individual slopes. The model equations highlighted the importance of considering the physiological state of animals when predicting splanchnic metabolism. This work showed that it is possible to use simple predictors to accurately predict the amount and nature of ketogenic nutrients released towards peripheral tissues in both sheep and cattle at different physiological status. These results provide deeper insight into biological processes and will contribute to the development of improved tools for dietary formulation.Keywords: diet characteristic, ketogenic nutrients, meta-analysis, ruminant, splanchnic release ImplicationsPresent work contributes to the evaluation of the energy value of rations for ruminants on nutrient bases. The posthepatic release of ketogenic nutrients was predicted by a meta-analytical approach. Predictors were derived from INRA Feed Tables and the calculated energy balance of animals, which are easy to use in rationing tools.

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The Metabolism of Acetic Acid, Propionic Acid and Butyric Acid in Sheep

Abstract: This investigation was made possible by the generous support of the Australian Wool Research Committee. Mr J. Roberts and Mr J. Wilcher gave valuable technical assistance.

Cited by 63 publications

References 14 publications

Performance and physiological responses of milk-fed calves to coated calcium butyrate supplementation

Performance and physiological responses of milk-fed calves to coated calcium butyrate supplementation

Values of the Serum Components in Japanese Black Beef Steers at Farms with High Productivity and Low Frequencies of Disease and Death in Miyazaki Prefecture.

Empirical prediction of net splanchnic release of ketogenic nutrients, acetate, butyrate and β-hydroxybutyrate in ruminants: a meta-analysis

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