The Metabolism of Escherichia coli and other Bacteria by Entodinium caudatum

Coleman, G.

doi:10.1099/00221287-37-2-209

Cited by 94 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The presence of entodinia decreases the average number of bacteria and also markedly decreases the peak concentration. Coleman (1964) found that Entodinium caudatum, in vitro, could ingest 12,000 Escherichia coli per protozoan per hr. If the rate of uptake of bacteria by the number of E. caudatum present in sheep 28 (Entodinium), which is about 25 x 1oS per ml., were of this same order, then it could be calculated that the protozoa could when most active almost completely nullify the increase in rumen bacterial population due to division of the bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generally more frequent appearance of the other Gram-negative rods may be a reflexion of better rumen conditions for growth, although it is difficult to say what these conditions are. Coleman (1964) found that when Entodinium caudatum ingested Escherichia coli labelled with 14C amino acids, the amino acids were incorporated into protozoal protein after digestion of the bacteria, and also that some of the hydrolysed bacterial protein was 'washed out' of the protozoa into the surrounding medium. If this process takes place in the rumen then this would not only recycle amino acids for use in bacterial growth but also provide more amino acids for bacterial deamination, and thus tend to increase the ruminal ammonia concentrations.…”

Section: Y K U R I H a R A J M Eadie P N Hobson And S 0 Mannmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Bacteria and Ciliate Protozoa in the Sheep Rumen

Kurihara¹,

Jm²,

Pn³

et al. 1968

Journal of General Microbiology

105

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S U M M A R YTwo sheep were reared together and then kept on a standard diet over a period of 9 months. The rumen of one sheep contained a mixed population of ciliate protozoal species ; the other was initially unfaunated, then faunated with Entodinium caudatum and then with Entodinium and Polyplastron multivesiculatum. For each sheep diurnal and day-to-day variations in total concentration, and concentration of particular types, of bacteria, in viable counts of bacteria on non-selective and differential media and in concentrations of the different protozoal species, were determined. Measurements were also made of in vitro rates of fermentation, rumen pH and ammonia and volatile fatty-acid concentrations. The presence of protozoa decreased rumen bacterial concentrations and increased ammonia and volatile fatty-acid concentrations. However, these changes were not always completely clear-cut since the protozoa changed the patterns of diurnal variation not only of bacterial numbers but of some metabolic activities and metabolites and also altered the balance of bacterial types. These results are discussed in the context of interactions between bacteria and protozoa and between protozoal species. The main effects of faunation of the rumen seem to be caused by non-selective ingestion of small bacteria by the protozoa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Y K U R I H a R A J M Eadie P N Hobson And S 0 Mannmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Bacteria and Ciliate Protozoa in the Sheep Rumen

Kurihara¹,

Jm²,

Pn³

et al. 1968

Journal of General Microbiology

105

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“…differed from the Entodinium spp. studied previously (Coleman, 1964(Coleman, ,1972, in that they took up bacteria much less readily on a weight basis. Assuming that the protozoa were cylindrical, the average volumes of an Ento.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolism of Starch, Glucose, Amino Acids, Purines, Pyrimidines and Bacteria by Three & Epidinium spp. Isolated from the Rumen

Coleman¹,

Laurie²

1974

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYWashed suspensions of Epidinium spp. grown in vitro and incubated anaerobically in salts medium engulfed all the bacteria tested at rates ranging from 60 to ~ooo/protozoon/h at a density of 109/ml. The rate of uptake of bacteria was also compared by the volume of medium cleared of bacterialh. On both bases Proteus mirabilis was taken up most rapidly. Some of the bacteria were killed and digested inside the protozoa. The Epidinium spp. took up a wide range of amino acids at rates varying from 6 to 250 nmol/Io6 protozoa/h and incorporated them into protein, mostly without conversion to other amino acids. The protozoa also incorporated purines and pyrimidines into nucleic acid and interconverted adenine and guanine and also uracil and cytosine.Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum took up [14C]glucose more rapidly than Entodinium caudatum and used the glucose carbon for the synthesis of an intracellular glucose polysaccharide and at least eight amino acids, 15 % of the 14C in the protozoa appearing in protein. The protozoa also synthesized protein from starch grains. Evidence has been obtained that Epi. ecaudatum caudatum cannot obtain all the protein it requires for growth from bacteria, free amino acids, glucose or starch and must incorporate protein from the wholemeal flour on which it is grown.

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“…Approximately 30-40% of the microbial cells were estimated to be degraded in the rumen in these studies. Lysis of micro-organisms (Jarvis, 1968) may be a result of bacteriophage action (Adams, Gazaway, Brailsford, Hartman & Jacobson, 1966 ;Hoogenraad, Hird, Holmes & Millis, 1967), predation of bacteria by protozoa (Coleman, 1964) or death of bacteria from other causes (Hungate, 1966).…”

Section: Symposium Proceedings I973mentioning

confidence: 99%