The Metabolism of p
32
-Labeled Dimethoate in Sheep

Chamberlain, W. F.; Gatterdam, P. E.; Hopkins, D. E.

doi:10.1093/jee/54.4.733

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Formation of this material has been confirmed by other workers (Dauterman et al, 1959;Alessandrini, 1960;Chamberlain et al, 1961;Kaplanis et al, 1959;Roberts, Radeleff, and Kaplanis, 1958;Spencer, 1959;Santi and Pietri-Tonelli, 1959a;Santi and Giacomelli, 1962;Dauterman et al, 1960;Krueger et al, 1960;Bull, Lindquist and Hacskaylo, 1963;Soc. Montecatini, personal communications).…”

Section: Metabolic Studies In Various Speciessupporting

confidence: 75%

“…(Jackson et al 1960), sheep 80 mg./kg. (Hewitt et al, 1958a,b;Chamberlain, Gatterdam, and Hopkins, *Group size less than four animals. 6 1961), and cattle 70 mg./kg.…”

Section: Toxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rat and human urine, 74 to 98 % of the excreted 32p was in this form. These ionic hydrolysis products are all known to be of low mammalian toxicity and without anticholinesterase action (Dauterman et al, 1959;Ahmed, Casida and Nichols, 1958;Krueger et al, 1960;Soc. Montecatini, personal communications; Kaplanis et al, 1959;Chamberlain et al, 1961).…”

Section: Metabolic Studies In Various Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological Properties of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Dimethoate

Sanderson¹,

Edson²

1964

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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The results are presented of extensive toxicological studies on the systemic organophosphate insecticide dimethoate, and compared with published results from other laboratories. It behaves as a typical indirect anticholinesterase, by conversion in the liver to at least four short-lived active metabolites, whose hydrolysis products are rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine. The acute oral toxicity of dimethoate is low in mammals but higher in avians. Dermal absorption is notably slow and dermal toxicity correspondingly low. Cumulative dosing of rats and guinea-pigs gave no cholinesterase inhibition at 0 7 and 4 mg./kg./day respectively. Dietary feeding to growing rats caused no cholinesterase inhibition at 0-5 mg./kg./day and no other effect at 10 times this dose. The main plant metabolite is identical with one formed in the liver, and comparative feeding tests with normal dimethoate and that partly metabolized in vegetation showed that residue analysis determined total hazard. Tests on humans, some with 32P-labelled material, confirmed that metabolism and urinary excretion are very rapid, that skin absorption is very slow, and that at least 2-5 mg., and probably up to 18 mg., could be ingested daily for at least three weeks without cholinesterase inhibition or other effects. Vapour hazards proved negligible. Oral toxicity was not potentiated by any of 17 other insecticides. The earliest detectable effect of dimethoate poisoning was always erythrocyte cholinesterase inhibition. Symptoms of poisoning could be effectively treated by atropine but not by oxime therapy. No known cases of occupational poisoning have occurred during five years' commercial usage of dimethoate.

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Section: Metabolic Studies In Various Speciessupporting

confidence: 75%

“…(Jackson et al 1960), sheep 80 mg./kg. (Hewitt et al, 1958a,b;Chamberlain, Gatterdam, and Hopkins, *Group size less than four animals. 6 1961), and cattle 70 mg./kg.…”

Section: Toxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Studies In Various Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicological Properties of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Dimethoate

Sanderson¹,

Edson²

1964

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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“…Extensive studies on the biological fate of dimethoate have established the susceptibility of all ester and amide sites in the molecule to hydrolysis (5)(6)(7)13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Effects on Toxicity, Reaction of Certain Phosphorothionate Insecticides with Alcohols and Potentiation by Breakdown Products

Casida¹,

Sanderson²

1963

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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fed 3.5 kg. per day. Correlation of Blood and Milk Bromide LevelsThe correlations between blood and milk bromide levels where the cows were fed sodium bromide or grain fumigated with methyl bromide are plotted for comparison in Figure 1. Although the slopes of the regression curves are slightly different, they indicate similarity between the sources of bromide with respect to blood-milk bromide level relationships. ConclusionsWhen dietary bromide is held at a steady concentration, an equilibrium is established with respect to milk bromide levels. The time of equilibration appears to be about 20 to 30 days.Lactating cows fed a methyl bromide fumigated grain ration at the rate of 1 pound of ration to each 4 pounds of milk produced will secrete milk having increased levels of bromide as follows: /n Crain in Milk 53 4 to 12 100 7 to 12 220 10 to 20Literature Cited(1) Dow Chemical Co., unpublished data.

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“…Residues were largely eliminated from all tissues within 14 days. Since dimethoate showed particular promise against sheep bot flies, Oestrus avis Linnaeus [Peterson et al (69)], its metabolism in sheep was given special study by Chamberlain, Gatterdam & Hopkins (15). The metabolic picture for sheep was similar to that found for cattle.…”

Section: Metabolism Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of Systemic Insecticides for Pests of Animals in the United States

Rc¹,

Rd²,

Ro³

1963

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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The first encouraging results in the search for systemic insecticides were obtained in 1944 by Lindquist and his co-workers (53), who found that bed bugs, Cimex lectularius Linnaeus and C. hemipterus (Fabricius), died after feeding on rabbits treated orally with DDT or pyrethrins. In 1946, Knipling and associates (48) treated rabbits with oral and intravenous dosages of insecticides, and reported that rabbits tolerated treatments of lindane and 2-pivalyl-I,3-indandione at rates that were lethal to mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), and human body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus Linnaeus when feeding on the rabbits. These fi ndings, made at the Orlando, Florida, laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture in conjunction with wartime research on the development of military insecti� cides, justified the initiation of a project on animal systemic insecticides at the Kerrville, Texas, Livestock Insects Laboratory. Since that date, en tomologists at Kerrville have worked intensively, screening candidate ma terials in the laboratory and conducting small-scale field tests with promising compounds. Concurrent toxicological observations have been made by co operating veterinarians of the Animal Disease and Parasite Research Divi sion, and analyses of residues of insecticides in meat and milk have been made by cooperating chemists of the Pesticide Chemicals Research Branch of the Entomology Research Division. A description of steps in the development of the first practical systemic insecticide by the cooperative effort of entomologists, veterinarians, and chemists, both in the U. S. Department of Agriculture and from other or ganizations and industry, is presented below. DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST PRACTICAL SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE In 1947, the first test conducted at Kerrville with a systemically active insecticide involved the administration of 2-pivalyl-l,3-indandione to cattle naturally infested with short-nosed cattle lice, Haematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch). The treatment was a dose which, in the test with rabbits cited above, was lethal to the parasite but safe for the host. With cattle, however,

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The Metabolism of p 32 -Labeled Dimethoate in Sheep

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Toxicological Properties of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Dimethoate

Toxicological Properties of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Dimethoate

Solvent Effects on Toxicity, Reaction of Certain Phosphorothionate Insecticides with Alcohols and Potentiation by Breakdown Products

Development of Systemic Insecticides for Pests of Animals in the United States

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