The metabolism of short-chain fatty acids in the sheep. 4. The pathway of propionate metabolism in rumen epithelial tissue

Pennington, R. J.; Sutherland, T. M.

doi:10.1042/bj0630618

Cited by 74 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The ®nding by Masson & Phillipson (1951) that the proportion of butyrate in portal-blood SCFA was much lower than in ruminal SCFA prompted the pioneering studies of R. J. Pennington and his colleagues on the metabolism of SCFA by rumen epithelium in vitro (Pennington, 1952(Pennington, , 1954Annison & Pennington, 1954;Pennington & Sutherland, 1956). Butyrate and propionate were shown to be extensively metabolized, but acetate, n-valerate and the branched-chain SCFA were all utilized to some extent by rumen epithelium.…”

Section: Utilization Of Short-chain Fatty Acids By the Portal-drainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism. II. Metabolism in ruminant tissues

Annison

Bryden

1999

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The discovery of the dominance of short-chain fatty acids as energy sources in the 1940s and 1950s, as discussed in part I of this review (Annison & Bryden, 1998) led to uncertainties concerning the interrelationships of glucose and acetate in ruminant metabolism. These were resolved in the following decade largely by use of 14 C-labelled substrates. Although only small amounts of glucose are absorbed in most dietary situations, glucose availability to ruminant tissues as measured by isotope dilution was shown to be substantial, indicating that gluconeogenesis is a major metabolic activity in both fed and fasted states. Studies with 14 C-labelled glucose and acetate revealed that in contrast to non-ruminants, acetate and not glucose is the major precursor of long-chain fatty acids in ruminant tissues. Interest in the measurement of energy metabolism in livestock grew rapidly from the 1950s. Most laboratories adopted indirect calorimetry and precise measurements of the energy expenditure of ruminants contributed to the development of new feeding systems. More recently, alternative approaches to the measurement of energy expenditure have included the use of NMR spectroscopy, isotope dilution and the application of the Fick principle to measure O 2 consumption in the whole animal and in de®ned tissues. The re®nement of the classical arterio-venous difference procedure in the study of mammary gland metabolism in the 1960s, particularly when combined with isotope dilution, encouraged the use of these methods to generate quantitative data on the metabolism of a range of de®ned tissues. The recent introduction of new methods for the continuous monitoring of both blood¯ow and blood O 2 content has greatly increased the precision and scope of arterio-venous difference measurements. The impact of data produced by these and other quantitative procedures on current knowledge of the metabolism of glucose, short-chain fatty acids and lipids, and on N metabolism, is outlined. The role of the portal-drained viscera and liver in N metabolism is discussed in relation to data obtained by the use of multi-catheterized animals. Protein turnover, and the impact of stress (physical, social and disease related) on protein metabolism have been reviewed. The growth of knowledge of mammary gland metabolism and milk synthesis since the ®rst quantitative studies in the 1960s has been charted. Recent ®ndings on the regulation of amino acid uptake and utilization by the mammary gland, and on the control of milk secretion, are of particular interest and importance.

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Section: Utilization Of Short-chain Fatty Acids By the Portal-drainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism. II. Metabolism in ruminant tissues

Annison

Bryden

1999

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…Propionate is converted to lactate via succinate, a symmetrical intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Pennington & Sutherland, 1956b). Thus lactate formed from [2-^^C]propionate will be equally labeled in C-2 and C-3 and have the same specific radioactivity as pro pionate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In calculating the extent of metabolism by the epithelium of the ruminoreticulum it was assumed that propionate was converted to no major metabolite other than lactate. It has been shown that lactate accumulates as the major product during incubations of rumen epithelium with propionate (Pennington & Sutherland, 1956b;Taylor & Ramsey, 1965;Welgand et al 1967). Pyruvate is not likely to be a major metabolite i^ vivo since the concentration of pyruvate in bovine blood is very much lower than that of lactate (Dunlop, Hammond & Stevens, 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waldem (1963) also suggested that propionate is metabolized during absorption by bovine rumen epithelium and that lactate was one of the major metabolites. Lactate accumulates during in vitro incubations of rumen epithelium with propionate (Pennington & Sutherland, 1956b;Taylor & Ramsey, 1965;Weigand, Young & Jacobson, 1967).…”

Section: Favorable [Nad+]/[nadh] Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The extent of metabolism of propionate and butyrate during absorption from the bovine ruminoreticulum

Weigand

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“…The pH values for fecal samples were between 6.0 and 6,5 (measured 60 ^This indicates 1st, 2nd and 3rd defecations after administration of C -sucrose.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

The digestion and metabolism of sucrose in young milk-fed calves

Xenoulis

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The metabolism of short-chain fatty acids in the sheep. 4. The pathway of propionate metabolism in rumen epithelial tissue

Abstract: system at the stage of cytochrome c reductase; the diaphorase activity is not affected. 7. Thiol compounds react chemically with fluoropyruvate, thereby preventing its inhibitory activity. The reaction products show characteristic spectra in the ultraviolet region.

Cited by 74 publications

References 19 publications

Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism. II. Metabolism in ruminant tissues

Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism. II. Metabolism in ruminant tissues

The extent of metabolism of propionate and butyrate during absorption from the bovine ruminoreticulum

The digestion and metabolism of sucrose in young milk-fed calves

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