The metabolism of the tonic and tetanic muscles

Domonkos, J; Latzkovits, L.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(61)90119-9

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As is well known the concentration of capillaries (Smith & Giovacchini, 1956;Romanul, 1965), myoglobin (Millikan, 1939;Lawrie, 1953), and the duration of muscular contraction (Denny-Brown, 1929;Cooper & Eccles, 1930) are greatest in red and least in white muscle. Since each skeletal muscle consists of varying proportions of fibres with biochemical (Dubowitz & Pearse, 1960;George & Talesara, 1961;Stein & Padykula, 1962), mechanical (McPhedran, or microvascular (Romanul, 1965) characteristics of whole red or white muscles (Cooper & Eccles, 1930;Smith & Giovacchini, 1956;Domenkos & Latzkovits, 1961;Beatty, Peterson & Bocek, 1963;Dawson & Romanul, 1964;Ogata & Mori, 1964) it is likely that the range of values for each physiological variable results from differences in the relative population of red or white fibres. While the existence of a direct relationship between fractional blood flow, capillarity, myoglobin concentration, and the duration of contraction in skeletal muscles has been assumed in the past, the present study has demonstrated that the relationships are highly quantitative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years the biochemical and histochemical characterization of skeletal muscle has demonstrated that red muscle primarily utilizes aerobic, oxidative metabolism for energy production in contrast to white muscle whose principal metabolic pathways are glycolytic and hence possesses a relatively low oxidative capacity (Ogata, 1960;Domenkos & Latzkovits, 1961;Beatty et at. 1963;Dawson & Romanul, 1964;Romanul, 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these metabolic characteristics of red muscle which can provide a large, continuous supply of energy, appear suited, along with the slower twitch time, lower fusion frequencies (Buller et al 1960b), and slower velocity of shortening (Buller & Lewis, 1965), to the tonic activity of red muscles in maintaining posture (Denny-Brown, 1929). In contrast the smaller blood flow and capillary density of white muscle is also appropriate since white muscle depends less upon the circulation than upon its own glycogen stores for energy (Domenkos & Latzkovits, 1961;Beatty et al 1963) and hence can build up an oxygen debt. The biochemistry and twitch characteristics may also be viewed as suitably matched to the function of white muscle in phasic activities, such as hopping or running, requiring sudden short bursts of energy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of blood flow to myoglobin, capillary density, and twitch characteristics in red and white skeletal muscle in cat

Reis¹,

Wooten²

1970

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The fractional distribution of blood flow was measured by the isotope dilution method and absolute blood flow estimated in twenty-four muscles of chronically prepared, unanaesthetized cats.2. In the quiet, alert cat the estimated mean muscle blood flow ranged from 5-9 to 39-3 ml./min 100 g muscle. Flow was three times greater in grouped red than white limb muscles.3. The myoglobin concentration ranged from 0-88 to 3-91 mg/g muscle. The myoglobin concentration of grouped red exceeded that of white muscle and varied in each muscle directly and linearly with blood flow with a high correlation (P < 0-001).4. Capillary density was estimated by determination of alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly greater in red than white muscles and varied directly with fractional blood flow in these same muscles with a high correlation (P < 0-001).5. Contraction time was generally two to three times longer in red than white muscle. There was a direct and highly correlated relationship (P < 0-001) between blood flow and contraction time.6. The direct linear relationship between muscle blood flow and myoglobin concentration, capillary density, and contraction time characteristic of quiet wakefulness was lost during rapid eye movement sleep or excitement produced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus as a consequence of selective changes in flow in red and white skeletal muscle.7. The type of metabolism of any skeletal muscle is adapted to its activity during quiet, alert behaviour, rather than during sleep or excitement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of blood flow to myoglobin, capillary density, and twitch characteristics in red and white skeletal muscle in cat

Reis¹,

Wooten²

1970

The Journal of Physiology

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Enzymatic Changes in Denervated Muscle

Romanul¹

1965

Arch Neurol

104

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IntroductionIN PREVIOUS STUDIES46,11 we investigated by histochemical and quantitative biochemical means the activity of a number of enzymes of energy metabolism in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of the rat. The results defined differences between the energy metabolism of various types of skeletal muscle fibers. From the correlation of the findings with some of the physiological data available in the literature it was concluded that the differences between the energy metabolism of the skeletal muscle fibers correspond to differences between their characteristics of contraction and probably also between their innervation.The present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the dependence of the preferential metabolism of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers upon their nerve supply. For this purpose the activity of a number of enzymes was studied histochemically and by quantitative biochemical assays in denervated muscles. The histochemical findings are described here and the quantitative biochemical results are presented in a companion paper.26 Material and MethodsThe studies were carried out in male albino rats weighing 200-250 gm. The animals were placed under light pentobarbital (Nembutal) anesthesia and using aseptic techniques the sciatic nerve of one hind limb was exposed in the thigh. A seg¬ ment of this nerve 1.5 cm in length was excised and the skin was closed with silver clips. The rats were sacrificed by ether inhalation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks later. From most animals, the gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus were removed together, both from the denervated and from the normal leg. The denervated muscles were placed against the normal ones and the entire block thus made was frozen on solid carbon dioxide (dry ice), mounted on ice, and cross sections 32µ thick cut in a cryostat. Each section of the block con¬ tained a cross section of the three denervated calf muscles and of their normal counterparts. Serial sections were placed directly in incubating solu¬ tions for the histochemical demonstration of the activity of the following enzymes : phosphorylase, esterase, cytochrome oxidase, and a number of dehydrogenases. In addition, acid phosphatase was studied in animals with muscles denervated for four weeks.From a few rats, the individual calf muscles were removed separately. The gastrocnemii from the normal and denervated sides were placed against each other, frozen, and mounted on ice for longitudinal sectioning. The same procedure was followed with the solei. The longitudinal sections were incubated for esterase in order to demonstrate the motor end plates, and for succinic dehydrogenase. Some of the sections incubated for succinic dehydrogenase were subsequently in¬ cubated also for esterase.The techniques used for the histochemical stud¬ ies were as follows : Phosphorylase was done by the method of Takeuchi.5"'"0 Esterase was studied by the indoxyl acetate method of Holt * using 5-bromoindoxyl acetate in tris buffer at pH 7.4. The technique was modified as suggested by Shnitka a...

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Die Biochemie der progressiven Muskeldystrophie

Heyck

Laudahn

1969

Die Progressiv-Dystrophischen Myopathien

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The metabolism of the tonic and tetanic muscles

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

The relationship of blood flow to myoglobin, capillary density, and twitch characteristics in red and white skeletal muscle in cat

The relationship of blood flow to myoglobin, capillary density, and twitch characteristics in red and white skeletal muscle in cat

Enzymatic Changes in Denervated Muscle

Die Biochemie der progressiven Muskeldystrophie

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