The Metacognitive Processes of Decentering Scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions.

Hanley, Adam W.; Bernstein, Amit; Nakamura, Yoshio; Hadash, Yuval; Rojas, Jamie; Tennant, Karrin E.; Jensen, Rebecca L.; Garland, Eric L.

doi:10.1037/pas0000931

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…For example, questions have been raised about whether self‐reported mindfulness actually coincides with mindful behavior (e.g., Grossman, 2011). Consequently, efforts to develop better first‐ and third‐person measurement tools continues (e.g., Hadash & Bernstein, 2019; Hanley et al., 2018; Hanley & Garland, 2019; Hanley et al., 2020; Isbel et al., 2020). At the time of this study's inception, the FFMQ was the gold‐standard mindfulness measurement tool and was determined to be the best available measurement option for (1) increasing the generalizability of study results to parallel studies of mindfulness, and (2) efficiently assessing a large sample over the course of 6 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the mindfulness‐to‐meaning theory's mindful reappraisal hypothesis: Replication with longitudinal data from a randomized controlled study

et al. 2021

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The Mindfulness to Meaning Theory provides a detailed process model of the mechanisms by which mindfulness may promote well-being. Central to the Mindfulness to Meaning Theory is the mindful reappraisal hypothesis (MRH), which suggests mindfulness training promotes well-being by facilitating positive reappraisal. Emerging evidence from interconnected domains of research supports the MRH. However, it remains unclear whether mindful reappraisal continues to develop after a mindfulness training course and whether this continued development encourages well-being over time. As such, this randomized controlled study compared participants receiving a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course with participants receiving no mindfulness training on positive reappraisal use and well-being over the course of 6 years. Latent growth curve modeling revealed that mindfulness training increased well-being by significantly increasing the trajectory of positive reappraisal over time. The MRH was then unpacked by examining whether MBSR also stimulated decentering and broadened awareness, core components of the MRH. Multivariate path analysis revealed that mindfulness training increased decentering, which in turn broadened awareness, which was then associated with positive reappraisal, ultimately promoting well-being. Taken together, these findings suggest that MBSR cultivates a downstream cascade of adaptive psychological processes that continue to promote quality of life 6-years after mindfulness training. K E Y W O R D S mindfulness, mindfulness based stress reduction, positive reappraisal, well-being 1 | INTRODUCTION Mindfulness training has been shown to encourage enduring positive changes, including the alleviation of emotional distress and the pro-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the mindfulness‐to‐meaning theory's mindful reappraisal hypothesis: Replication with longitudinal data from a randomized controlled study

et al. 2021

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“…On the other hand, the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ, Baer et al, 2008) which includes items related to non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity toward inner experience may not be appropriate for interventions that mostly rely on MG1 practices. The recently developed Metacognitive Processes of Decentering Scale (Hanley et al, 2020) that attempts to measure how one is able to decenter from internal experience may be mostly relevant for interventions involving MG4 and partially for MG2 practices. In addition, the Map can make more visible some of the gaps across the range of current mindfulness measurement tools and inform the development of new ones.…”

Section: Applications Of the Map In Mindfulness Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mindfulness Map: A Practical Classification Framework of Mindfulness Practices, Associated Intentions, and Experiential Understandings

2021

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When considering the numerous mindfulness-based and mindfulness-informed programs that have flourished in the past decades it is not always clear that they all refer to the same “mindfulness. ” To facilitate more clarity and precision in describing, researching and teaching mindfulness in the secular settings, we propose a classification framework of mindfulness practices, intentions behind them and the experiential understandings the practices may aim to develop. Accordingly, the proposed framework, called the Mindfulness Map, has two axes. The first axis outlines mindfulness practices (and associated instructions) classified into four groups (MGs), e.g. the MG1 focuses on cultivating attention to the present moment somatic and sensory experience while the MG4 focuses on cultivating the ability to recognize and deconstruct perceptual, cognitive and emotional experiences and biases. The second axis outlines possible intentions (INTs) to cultivate particular experiential understanding (EU) via teaching and practicing the MGs, e.g., the INT1 designates the intention to gain EU of how our relationship to experience contributes to wellbeing, the INT2 refers to the intention to gain EU of the changing nature of body, mind and external phenomenon. We suggest that the same MG can lead to different EUs outcomes based on the specific INTs applied in their teaching or practice. The range of INTs and EUs included here is not exhaustive, there are further types the Map could be expanded toward. Aside from encouraging more fine-grained distinctions of mindfulness practices, the proposed Map aims to open discussions about interactions between MGs, INTs, EUs and practice outcomes. The Map may facilitate more nuanced and precise approaches to researching the range of outcomes cultivated by mindfulness practices, help bridge contradictory findings, and catalyze further debate and research into ethical aspects of mindfulness. The Map also highlights the need for further teaching development and research on longer-term trajectories of mindfulness practice. While the proposed Mindfulness Map organises the mindfulness practice territory along two axes, it is aimed as a starting point for further discussion and can be further revised and/or expanded by other axes.

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“…On the other hand, the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ, Baer et al, 2008) which includes items related to non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity towards inner experience may not be appropriate for interventions that mostly rely on MG1 practices. The recently developed Metacognitive Processes of Decentering Scale (Hanley et al, 2020) that attempts to measure how one is able to decenter from internal experience may be mostly relevant for interventions involving MG4 and partially for MG2 practices. In addition, the Map can make more visible some of the gaps across the range of current mindfulness measurement tools and inform the development of new ones.…”

Section: Applications Of the Map In Mindfulness Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mindfulness Map: A practical classification framework of mindfulness practices, associated intentions, and experiential understandings

Levit-Binnun¹,

Arbel²,

Dorjee³

2021

Preprint

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When considering the numerous mindfulness-based and mindfulness-informed programs that have flourished in the past decades it is not always clear that they all refer to the same "mindfulness". To facilitate more clarity and precision in describing, researching and teaching mindfulness in the secular settings, we propose a classification framework of mindfulness practices, intentions behind them and the experiential understandings the practices may aim to develop. Accordingly, the proposed framework, called the Mindfulness Map, has two axes. The first axis outlines mindfulness practices (and associated instructions) classified into four groups (MGs), e.g. the MG1 focuses on cultivating attention to the present moment somatic and sensory experience while the MG4 focuses on cultivating the ability to recognize and deconstruct perceptual, cognitive and emotional experiences and biases. The second axis outlines possible intentions (INTs) behind teaching and practicing the MGs, e.g. the INT1 designates the intention to gain experiential understanding of how our relationship to experience contributes to wellbeing, the INT2 refers to the intention to gain experiential understanding of the changing nature of body, mind and external phenomenon. We suggest that the same MG can lead to different experiential understanding (EUs) outcomes based on the specific INTs applied in their teaching or practice. The range of INTs and EUs included here is not exhaustive, there are further types the Map could be expanded towards. Aside from encouraging more fine-grained distinctions of mindfulness practices, the proposed Map of MGs, INTs and EUs aims to open discussions about the implicit and explicit intentions for teaching and practicing mindfulness and their impact on the practice outcomes. The Map may facilitate more nuanced and precise approaches to researching the range of outcomes cultivated by mindfulness practices, help bridge contradictory findings, and catalyze further debate and research into ethical aspects of mindfulness. The Map also highlights the need for further teaching development and research on longer-term trajectories of mindfulness practice.

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The Metacognitive Processes of Decentering Scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions.

Cited by 24 publications

References 73 publications

Modeling the mindfulness‐to‐meaning theory's mindful reappraisal hypothesis: Replication with longitudinal data from a randomized controlled study

Modeling the mindfulness‐to‐meaning theory's mindful reappraisal hypothesis: Replication with longitudinal data from a randomized controlled study

The Mindfulness Map: A Practical Classification Framework of Mindfulness Practices, Associated Intentions, and Experiential Understandings

The Mindfulness Map: A practical classification framework of mindfulness practices, associated intentions, and experiential understandings

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