The Method Debate

Bisker, Chawki; Ralebitso-Senior, T. Komang

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809360-3.00003-5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Los estudios histopatológicos pueden tomar entre 48 a 72 horas, se ha mencionado que los métodos morfológicos para la estimación del intervalo post mortem, no poseen valor práctico en la mesa de autopsia, parece existir un cambio de paradigma en lo que refiere a la aplicación de métodos de histoquímica e inmunohistoquímica para este fin (Madea et al, 2019); desde las contribuciones de Wehner et al, (2006) hasta la presentación de tablas específicas para aplicar en campo, el progreso de la investigación en esta área ha dado resultados prometedores, a pesar de la considerable inversión que significan y del escaso valor práctico (debido a sus faltas de precisión, consistencia y confiabilidad), algunos enfoques de inmunohistoquímica pueden poseer aplicabilidad potencial, especialmente cuando se usan en combinación con otras técnicas (Bisker & Ralebitso-Senior, 2018).…”

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Valor del Estudio Histopatológico de Lesiones Traumáticas en Piel y Mucosas Encontradas en Cadáveres

Cayax Menchú

2024

Ciencia Latina

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Se demuestra el beneficio y confiabilidad del estudio histopatológico en el análisis de lesiones traumáticas de piel encontradas en cadáveres, en necropsias medicolegales realizadas en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Forenses de Guatemala. De acuerdo con la información proporcionada, las lesiones enviadas para estudio histopatológico fueron clasificadas como laceraciones en un 40%, cicatrices 20%, excoriaciones 14%, heridas 10%, quemaduras 10%, entre otros, en algunos casos, había múltiples tipos de lesión. Se revisaron los estudios histopatológicos, bloques de parafina y láminas histológicas, el tejido fue procesado nuevamente y se realizó una tinción con hematoxilina-eosina. De 98 muestras relacionadas a lesiones en piel, 87 mostraban indicios de inflamación, de ellas 22 con angiogénesis, la presencia de proceso inflamatorio crónico indica que una lesión tiene un tiempo superior a 48 horas, si a esto se le suma la presencia de angiogénesis la antigüedad de una lesión sería superior a 3 días. Entre otros hallazgos el 93 % de las lesiones tenían reacción vital, en el 8% de los casos se encontraron quemaduras y en el 7% infecciones asociadas a bacterias u hongos como cándida. Los diferentes eventos celulares alrededor del lugar de la lesión permiten establecer una cronología o calcular un tiempo estimado después de la ocurrencia de las lesiones. El criterio histopatológico resulta confiable y práctico, la presencia de hemorragia o infiltración de leucocitos en el sitio de la lesión también es indicio de reacción vital. Este tipo de estudio complementario permite confirmar los hallazgos macroscópicos obtenidos durante el procedimiento de necropsia. Es una prueba de la calidad de la autopsia y resulta esencial para respaldar o descartar los hallazgos macroscópicos. Los resultados pueden ser de gran ayuda en la investigación de casos criminales.

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Valor del Estudio Histopatológico de Lesiones Traumáticas en Piel y Mucosas Encontradas en Cadáveres

Cayax Menchú

2024

Ciencia Latina

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“…Each method proposed in the literature has proved to be in some way useful, with different strengths but also with some limitations, both of a technical-executive nature and of an interpretative nature, given that they all seem to be influenced by environmental and cadaveric factors [ 16 ]; the gold standard for determining the PMI cannot yet be reduced to a single method [ 17 , 18 ]. One of the limitations of the various PMI estimation methods is that each of them is able to investigate a more or less specific period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Mortem Interval and Microbiome Analysis through 16S rRNA Analysis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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The determination of the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) is an issue that has always represented a challenge in the field of forensic science. Different innovative approaches, compared to the more traditional ones, have been tried over the years, without succeeding in being validated as successful methods for PMI estimation. In the last two decades, innovations in sequencing technologies have made it possible to generate large volumes of data, allowing all members of a bacterial community to be sequenced. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a review regarding new advances in PMI estimation through cadaveric microbiota identification using 16S rRNA sequencing, in order to correlate specific microbiome profiles obtained from different body sites to PMI. The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. For this purpose, 800 studies were identified through database searching (Pubmed). Articles that dealt with PMI estimation in correlation with microbiome composition and contained data about species, body site of sampling, monitoring time and sequencing method were selected and ultimately a total of 25 studies were considered. The selected studies evaluated the contribution of the various body sites to determine PMI, based on microbiome sequencing, in human and animal models. The results of this systematic review highlighted that studies conducted on both animals and humans yielded results that were promising. In order to fully exploit the potential of the microbiome in the estimation of PMI, it would be desirable to identify standardized body sampling sites and specific sampling methods in order to align data obtained by different research groups.

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“…Microorganisms play significant roles in human decomposition (Bisker and Ralebitso-Senior, 2018;Bishop, 2019) and heavily affect the decomposition rate; hence Lauber et al (2014) reported a two to three times faster decomposition in mice placed on non-sterile soil compared to those deposited on sterile soil. In addition, there is evidence that microorganisms are essential to cadaver organic residue recycling although more knowledge is required about the structure of the associated microbial communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Application of Molecular Microbial Ecology and Elemental Analyses Can Advance the Understanding of Decomposition Dynamics

et al. 2021

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Introducing animal carbon-source to soil initiates biochemical and microbial processes that lead to its decomposition and recycling, which subsequently cause successional shifts in soil microbial community. To investigate the use of soil microbial community to inform criminal investigation, this study was designed to mimic clandestine graves. It compared the decomposition of stillborn piglets (Sus scrofa domesticus), as human analogues, to oak (Quercus robur) leaf litter and soil-only controls outdoors for 720 days. Environmental and edaphic parameters were monitored and showed soil microbial community alignment with temperature seasonality, which highlighted the importance of this abiotic factor. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) data were used to calculate Hill numbers and diversity indices of the bacterial 16S rRNA community did not distinguish mammalian- from plant-based decomposition consistently during the first or second year of the study. In contrast, the fungal 18S rRNA community allowed clear differentiation between different treatments (beta diversity) throughout the 720-day experiment and suggested the moment of the decomposing mammalian skin rupture. 16S rRNA-based NGS facilitated the identification of e.g., Pirellulaceae, Acidobacteria ii1-15_order and Candidatus xiphinematobacter as Year 2 bacterial markers of gravesoil at family, order and species taxonomic levels, respectively, and confirmed the similarity of the calculated Hill diversity metrics with those derived from DGGE profiling. Parallel soil elemental composition was measured by portable X-ray Fluorescence where calcium profiles for the piglet-associated soils were distinct from those without carrion. Also, soil calcium content and PMI correlated positively during the first year then negatively during the second. This study is one of the first to apply a multidisciplinary approach based on molecular and physicochemical analytical techniques to assess decomposition. It highlights the recognised potential of using soil microbial community in forensic investigations and provides a proof-of-concept for the application of a combined molecular and elemental approach to further understand the dynamics of decomposition. In addition, it sets the scene for further research in different conditions based on Hill numbers metrics instead of the classic ecological indices for soil necrobiome richness, diversity and evenness.

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The Method Debate

Cited by 4 publications

References 107 publications

Valor del Estudio Histopatológico de Lesiones Traumáticas en Piel y Mucosas Encontradas en Cadáveres

Valor del Estudio Histopatológico de Lesiones Traumáticas en Piel y Mucosas Encontradas en Cadáveres

Post-Mortem Interval and Microbiome Analysis through 16S rRNA Analysis: A Systematic Review

A Combined Application of Molecular Microbial Ecology and Elemental Analyses Can Advance the Understanding of Decomposition Dynamics

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