The method of indirect determination of oscillations amplitude of high-power ultrasonic transducers

Barsukov, Roman V.; Levin, Sergey V.; Savin, I. Yu.

doi:10.1109/sredm.2002.1024382

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It can be seen that the temperature rises very rapidly with a high heating rate of up to ~939 K/s (666°C/s), reached a maximum temperature, and then decreased also quickly in the initial cooling stage but the cooling rate became gradually smaller. As reported in [131], smaller thermocouples of 0.025 mm (0.001 in) in diameter would give a higher heating rate due to a better response time than 0.076 mm (0.003 in) thermocouples; however they are also more likely to break during welding [89]. Therefore, the thermocouples of 0.076 mm (0.003 in) in diameter were used in the present study.…”

Section: Weld Interface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, in the present welding system, ultrasonic vibration was a dependent parameter and cannot be controlled independently. Bursukov et al [89] noted that the energy supplied to the workpiece is proportional to the square of amplitude and outputting coefficient…”

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the amplitude generated during USW varies from 30 to 60 µm. Furthermore, Barsukov et al [89] noted that the energy supplied to the workpiece is proportional to the square of amplitude and outputting…”

Section: Shear Strain Rate During Uswmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonic Spot Welding of Similar and Dissimilar Alloys for Automotive Applications

Macwan¹

2021

Preprint

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Lightweighting has been regarded as a key strategy in the automotive industry to improve fuel efficiency and reduce anthropogenic environment-damaging, climate-changing, and costly emissions. Magnesium (Mg) alloys and Aluminum (Al) alloys are progressively more used in the transportation industries to reduce the weight of vehicles due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. Similarly, high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel is widely used to reduce gauge thickness and still maintain the same strength, and thereby reduce vehicle weight as well. A multi-material design of automotive structures and parts inevitably involve similar Mg-to-Mg and dissimilar Mg-to-Al, Al-to-steel, and Mg-to-Cu joints. Ultrasonic spot welding (USW) – a solid-state joining technique has recently received significant attention due to its higher efficiency in comparison with conventional fusion welding techniques. In this study, USW was used to generate similar joints of low rare-earth containing ZEK100 Mg alloy sheets and dissimilar ZEK100-to-Al5754, Al6111-to-HSLA steel, and Mg-to-Cu joints at different levels of welding energy or welding time. To optimize welding process and identify key factors affecting the weld strength, microstructural evolution, microhardness test, tensile lap shear test, fatigue test, and fracture analysis were performed on similar and dissimilar ultrasonic spot welded (USWed) joints. Dynamic recrystallization and grain coarsening were observed during Mg-to-Mg similar welding while rapid formation and growth of interface diffusion layer were observed in all dissimilar joints in the present study. It was due to significantly high strain rate (~103 s-1) and high temperature generated via frictional heating during USW. The interface diffusion layer was analyzed by SEM, EDS and XRD phase identification techniques which showed the presence of eutectic structure containing intermetallic compounds (IMCs). As a result, brittleness at the interface increased. The Zn coating in dissimilar USWed Al-to-steel joints eliminated the formation of brittle IMCs of Al-F, which were replaced by relatively ductile AlZn eutectic. The optimum welding energy or welding time during similar and dissimilar USW of lightweight alloys with a sheet thickness of 1-2 mm was in the range of ~500 J to 2000 J (~0.25 s to 1 s).

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Section: Weld Interface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%