The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract

In fungi, the methylcitrate cycle converts cytotoxic propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to pyruvate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The glyoxylate cycle converts acetyl-CoA to succinate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central carbon metabolic pathway that connects the methylcitrate cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and other metabolisms for lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Fungal citrate synthase and 2-methylcitrate synthase as well as isocitrate lyase and 2-methylisocitrate lyase, each evolved from a common ancestral protein. Impairment of the methylcitrate cycle leads to the accumulation of toxic intermediates such as propionyl-CoA, 2-methylcitrate, and 2-methylisocitrate in fungal cells, which in turn inhibits the activity of many enzymes such as dehydrogenases and remodels cellular carbon metabolic processes. The methylcitrate cycle and the glyoxylate cycle synergistically regulate carbon source utilization as well as fungal growth, development, and pathogenic process in pathogenic fungi.

Corn straw-saccharification fiber improved the reproductive performance of sows in the late gestation and lactation via lipid metabolism

“…Cis-2-Methylaconitate is a primary metabolite directly involved in the growth, development and reproduction of organisms ( 59 ). 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2 is a thromboxane metabolite, and elevated levels are associated with hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular disease ( 60 ).…”