The micro-biota of a sub-surface monument the medieval chapel of St. Virgil (Vienna, Austria)

Piñar, Güadalupe; Ripka, Katrin; Weber, Johannes; Sterflinger, Katja

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.02.004

Cited by 57 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Additionally the knowledge of bioreceptivity, which is defined as the totality of materials properties that contribute to the adherence, establishment and colonization of fauna and/or flora on the stone surface of monuments and artworks [72] may be exploited as an important tool for recognizing the biodeterioration process induced by microorganisms and for developing conservation and restoration campaigns. After identification of microorganism and type of deterioration associated with monuments and artworks, the next step is to employ the molecular strategies like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), 16s-RNA Sequencing [9], Denaturing DNA Gel Electrophoresis [9], Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Laser Induced Fluorescence, Bioinformatics tools, for instance, BLAST, NJ etc. and physical techniques such as Raman Spectroscopy, FT-IR, Mössbauer Spectrometry, Induction Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Thermal Analysis, Laser Induced Fluorescence, Fluorescence LIDAR, Thin-layer Petrography, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two archaebacteria were detected and isolated from two ancient wall painting namely Catherine Chapel of the Castle Herberstein (Styria) from Austria and Roman Necropolis of Carmona from Spain. These archaeal communities were subjected to 16s rRNA sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and are characterized and found related to Halococcus (halophilic) and Halobacterium (alkaliphilic) [9].…”

Section: Microorganisms Involved In Biodeterioration Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high porosity allows penetration of water along with corrosive ions, acids and salts inside the porosity of the stone and cause severe damage to them. Besides this, stone surface supports the growth of some characteristic group of microorganisms which includes alkaliphiles, halophiles, epiliths and endoliths [7][8][9][10] which cause deterioration in many ways (Table 1). These micro-organisms through different known mechanisms of deterioration cause harm to the stone surfaces of monuments and artworks resulting in an irreversible and irreparable loss of their physical strength, aesthetic appearance, value and information [1,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] (Table 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbially induced deterioration of architectural heritages: routes and mechanisms involved

2012

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Since ancient time, magnificence and beauty have been the goals of architecture. Artists and architects used high strength, durable and beautiful stones like marble and limestone for the construction of monuments like Taj Mahal, Milan Cathedral, Roman Catacombs and Necropolis in Rome etc. These historic monuments are exposed to open air which allows the invading army of algae, cyanobacteria, fungi etc. to easily access them. The invasion of microorganisms and their subsequent interaction with mineral matrix of the stone substrate under varied environment conditions fosters deterioration of stones by multiple mechanisms resulting in loss of strength, durability, and aesthetic appearance. The review details about the major routes and mechanisms which led to biodeterioration, discusses current remedial methodologies and suggests future directions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microorganisms Involved In Biodeterioration Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbially induced deterioration of architectural heritages: routes and mechanisms involved

2012

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“…It is also worth mentioning that Rubrobacter bracarensis and Salinisphaera shabanensis due to their noted flexibility can easily adapt to a wide range of salinity (both up to 25 % NaCl) (Antunes et al 2002;Jurado et al 2012). Members of the genus Halobacillus represent the majority of detected halophilic microorganisms in historic buildings, which can be explained by the remarkable osmotic adaptation of bacilli (Piñar et al 2009). Piñar et al (2009) hypothesized that halophilic bacteria coexist with halophilic archaea in salt attacked monuments may be due to the variations in salinity and pH present in cultural assets.…”

Section: Halophilic Microorganisms: the Inhabitants Of Salt-attacked mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of the genus Halobacillus represent the majority of detected halophilic microorganisms in historic buildings, which can be explained by the remarkable osmotic adaptation of bacilli (Piñar et al 2009). Piñar et al (2009) hypothesized that halophilic bacteria coexist with halophilic archaea in salt attacked monuments may be due to the variations in salinity and pH present in cultural assets. What should be noted is the fact that Halobacillus sp.…”

Section: Halophilic Microorganisms: the Inhabitants Of Salt-attacked mentioning

confidence: 99%

Halophilic microbial communities in deteriorated buildings

Adamiak

Otlewska

Gutarowska

2015

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Halophilic microorganisms were traditionally isolated from an aquatic environment. There has been little research conducted into halophiles inhabiting the terrestrial environment in which historic monuments deteriorate. Salt efflorescence deposited on the walls is an observed phenomenon on the surface of historic buildings, and would favour the growth of halophiles. However, some conditions have to be fulfilled in order for efflorescence to occur: (1) the presence of salts, (2) porosity, (3) a source of water. Salt crystallization influences the material structure (cracking, detachment, material loss), but active growth of halophilic microorganisms may be a serious threat to historic materials as well, leading to aesthetical changes such as coloured biofilms, orange to pink or even violet stains. This is why it is important to investigate halophilic microorganisms, taking into consideration both the environmental conditions they need to grow in, material characteristics they inhabit, the mechanisms they possess to cope with osmotic stress, and the methods that should be applied for their identification.

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Microbiota and Biochemical Processes Involved in Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage and Protection

Katayama

2021

Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage

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The world cultural heritage sites face new challenges for an effective protection and management because of destruction and damage initiated by both natural and anthropogenic causes. Fresh rock and sandstone surfaces of buildings are quickly colonized and covered by a layer of microorganisms, including phototrophs, lithotrophs, and heterotrophs to form a biofilm that alters the local conditions of the stone surfaces, especially under the favorable tropical climate conditions for autotrophic microorganisms and plants. Biofilms had been studied with indigenous or pure cultures of isolated microorganisms, but the selective ones that contribute to deterioration of the cultural heritage cannot be confirmed easily. Currently, high-throughput sequencing and metegenomics analyses are capable of obtaining microbial community and composition in great depth, but they also suffer from similar weakness unable to identify the culprits in the community. With these as background, this article presents a different approach by focusing on the biochemical processes and the responsible microorganisms involved to reveal the destruction processes for management and protection. Among these different functional groups of microorganisms, lichens are known as pioneering rock-decomposing microorganisms, and both sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and fungi participate in the decomposition of sandstone via sulfur cycling and initiation of salt attack of the stone afterward, resulting in defoliation and cracking of stone. Other microorganisms including ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea, especially the latter, have been recently detected on sandstone monuments providing evidence on the new organisms involved in the deterioration of cultural heritage and buildings. In addition, fungi can colonize the surfaces of the matured biofilms and play a new role in the removal of them, which has a potential biotechnological application in conservation of cultural heritage. The new proposed approach by focusing the microorganisms with identified biochemical function is more productive than a description of the community composition and assembly when assessing cultural heritage biodeterioration, and this provides basic and useful information for effective protection strategies and management.

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The micro-biota of a sub-surface monument the medieval chapel of St. Virgil (Vienna, Austria)

Cited by 57 publications

References 44 publications

Microbially induced deterioration of architectural heritages: routes and mechanisms involved

Microbially induced deterioration of architectural heritages: routes and mechanisms involved

Halophilic microbial communities in deteriorated buildings

Microbiota and Biochemical Processes Involved in Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage and Protection

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