The Microbial Contribution to Human Faecal Mass

Stephen, Alison M.; Cummings, John H.

doi:10.1099/00222615-13-1-45

Cited by 482 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Following the HMP, many studies have targeted alternative therapeutic regimens against C. difficile, including faecal transplantation. The Journal of Medical Microbiology has always been in the vanguard, even before the HMP published data pertaining to the faecal microbial load (Stephen & Cummings, 1980) and the effect of C. difficile infection on the faecal microbiome (Hopkins & Macfarlane, 2002).…”

Section: Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

70th Anniversary Collection for the Microbiology Society: Journal of Medical Microbiology

Mathee

Silver²,

Tatke

2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Section: Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

70th Anniversary Collection for the Microbiology Society: Journal of Medical Microbiology

Mathee

Silver²,

Tatke

2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Bacterial mass from ileal digesta of pigs was isolated by fractionated centrifugation as previously outlined by Stephen and Cummings (1980) with a modification of Meinl and Kreienbring (1985). The first step of isolation consisted of filtering the digesta sample (37°C) through a gauze (50 µm) and centrifugation of the filtrate at 340 × g, 10 min at 25°C.…”

Section: Isolation Of Bacterial Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial D-alanine concentrations as a marker of bacterial nitrogen in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and cows

Schoenhusen¹,

Voigt²,

Hennig³

et al. 2008

Vet. Med. - Czech

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d-alanine (DAL) has been successfully used as a marker of bacterial nitrogen (N) in the small intestine of cows. This study compares DAL contents of intestinal bacteria in digesta of cows and pigs with respect to diet and sampling site. In isolated ileal bacteria of pigs a DAL/N ratio (41.72 ± 3.19 mg/g, n = 18) was found, which was not different from that in rumen bacteria (40.11 ± 1.95 mg/g, n = 18) but higher than in duodenal bacteria of cows (38.09 ± 2.09 mg/g, n = 18, P < 0.001). The DAL/N ratio in ileal bacteria of pigs was independent of the diet (P = 0.38) but it tended to be affected by the animal (P = 0.095). In bacterial preparations derived from cows, the DAL/N ratio depended on the diet (P = 0.04) and the site of sampling (P = 0.004). Our findings indicate that a general value for DAL/N ratio in pig or cow intestinal contents to calculate bacterial N should not be used.

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“…Human stool is reported to contain as many as 10 11 -10 12 colony forming units (cfu)/g of faeces (1,2). Large bowel preparation for colonoscopy focused primarily on cleansing most faeces out of the colon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Suctioning During Colon Biopsy Acquisition Reduces Bacterial Contamination

Vavricka¹,

Imhof²,

Wildi³

et al. 2006

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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Background and Aim: Contamination of endoscopy suites with bacteria during procedures is of concern particularly through droplets during handling of biopsy specimens. It has been advocated that suctioning while removing the biopsy forceps could help to reduce potentially hazardous bioaerosols. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of air suctioning during removal of the biopsy forceps. Materials and Methods: Airborne bacteria were collected by an impactor air-sampler (MAS-100). Fifty liters of air were collected continuously for 30 seconds at a 30 cm distance from the colonoscope suction channel. Room air samples were taken in the endoscopy suite in the morning prior to the beginning of the endoscopy program, during colonoscopy with a sham biopsy in the descending colon with and without suctioning and at the end of the procedure day. Standard 90 mm Petri dishes containing a selective medium for gram-positive cocci (CNA blood agar) were used with the impaction sampler and colony forming units/m3 (cfu) were determined. Results: Measurements were performed at fifty consecutive colonoscopies. Prior to the beginning of the endoscopy program, the bioaerosol burden in the colonoscopy suite reached a mean of 4.2 cfu/m3. During colonoscopies performed without suctioning at biopsy the bioaerosol burden increased to 29.4 cfu/m3 whereas this burden increased only to 15.1 cfu/m3 when the suctioning was applied during removal of the biopsy forceps. The difference in bioaerosol burden between suctioning and no suctioning was highly significant (p < 0.0005). At the end of the procedure day the airborne bacteria count dropped to 15.6 cfu/m3. The analysis of the colonies on the CNA blood agar identified predominantly enterococci. Staphylococci spp. and other gram-positive bacteria were rarely isolated. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the bioaerosol burden during handling of biopsy specimens is not neglectable but can be reduced by the simple habit of applying suctioning during acquisition of biopsies. This practice might be an important infection-control measure during gastrointestinal endoscopies. Air Suctioning During Colon Abstract (Word count 245)Background and Aim: Contamination of endoscopy suites with bacteria during procedures is of concern. It has been advocated that suctioning while removing biopsy forceps could help to reduce hazardous bioaerosols. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of air suctioning during removal of biopsy forceps. Materials and Methods:During colonoscopy endoscopists were asked to remove the biopsy forceps with and without suction after having touched the sigmoid mucosa.Fifty litres of air were collected continuously for 30 seconds at 30 cm distance from the colonoscope suction channel. Airborne bacteria were collected by an impactor air-sampler (MAS-100). Standard 90 mm Petri dishes with CNA blood agar were used to culture gram positive cocci. Room measurements prior to the first endoscopy and after the last endoscopy of the day were ...

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The Microbial Contribution to Human Faecal Mass

Cited by 482 publications

References 20 publications

70th Anniversary Collection for the Microbiology Society: Journal of Medical Microbiology

70th Anniversary Collection for the Microbiology Society: Journal of Medical Microbiology

Bacterial D-alanine concentrations as a marker of bacterial nitrogen in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and cows

Air Suctioning During Colon Biopsy Acquisition Reduces Bacterial Contamination

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