The microbiologic quality of drinking water in North Carolina migrant labor camps.

Ciesielski, S; Handzel, Thomas; Sobsey, Mark D.

doi:10.2105/ajph.81.6.762

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In North Carolina, 9.5% of randomly selected residents of farm labor camps had parasitic infections (17). A companion study of drinking water in North Carolina labor camps found total and fecal coliform levels of 44% and 28%, respectively, but none had detectable levels in advance of occupancy (16). The authors suggest that water testing be conducted regularly during peak occupancy rather than just prior to the arrival of worker residents.…”

Section: The Control Of Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Health of U.S. Hired Farm Workers

Villarejo¹

2003

Annu. Rev. Public Health

272

271

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Key Words farm worker, migrant labor, occupational health and safety, Hispanic health, minority health s Abstract Despite a recent surge in knowledge about U.S. hired farm workers, little is known about the health of this population. No national data are available on the size of the population, mortality or morbidity data, or on chronic health indicators. Demographic data show that these workers are mostly Mexican immigrant or migrant males, and nearly two thirds live in poverty. At least half of all current hired farm workers are undocumented. Fewer than one in five have health insurance, either through their employer or through government programs. However, programs targeting women farm workers, such as WIC or, in California, emergency MediCal, are more effective in helping them obtain needed services. The federal Migrant Health Program serves about 13% of the total of workers plus dependent family members. This paper reviews what is known in the following topical areas: (a) mortality and morbidity; (b) access to health care services; (c) control of infectious diseases; (d ) maternal and child care; (e) occupational health; ( f ) violence; and (g) chronic health indicators. It is suggested that future research incorporate a minimal physical examination of all patients or subjects in order to establish baseline information for the population. Such information will be helpful in targeting interventions and measuring their effectiveness.

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Section: The Control Of Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Health of U.S. Hired Farm Workers

Villarejo¹

2003

Annu. Rev. Public Health

272

271

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“…For example, 44% of water supplies for migrant farm workers in North Carolina tested positive for coliform and 26% for fecal coliform. For comparable farm areas in the same 308 EVANS KANTROWITZ region, both levels were at 0% (23). Low-income Chicano populations living along the U.S./Mexico border (Colonias) are plagued by contaminated drinking water.…”

Section: Water Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure

Evans

Kantrowitz

2002

Annu. Rev. Public Health

1,007

616

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Key Words environmental justice, income, socioeconomic status, poverty, environmental risk s Abstract Among several viable explanations for the ubiquitous SES-health gradient is differential exposure to environmental risk. We document evidence of inverse relations between income and other indices of SES with environmental risk factors including hazardous wastes and other toxins, ambient and indoor air pollutants, water quality, ambient noise, residential crowding, housing quality, educational facilities, work environments, and neighborhood conditions. We then briefly overview evidence that such exposures are inimical to health and well-being. We conclude with a discussion of the research and policy implications of environmental justice, arguing that a particularly salient feature of poverty for health consequences is exposure to multiple environmental risk factors. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HEALTH: THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK EXPOSURESatisfactory explanation for the ubiquitous socioeconomic status-health gradient remains elusive, suggesting, in part, that an adequate model of this relation is probably complex and multifaceted (1, 81). In this paper we provide an overview of data indicating that income is inversely correlated with exposure to suboptimal environmental conditions. By environmental conditions we mean the physical properties of the ambient and immediate surroundings of children, youth, and families, including pollutants, toxins, noise, and crowding as well as exposure to settings such as housing, schools, work environments, and neighborhoods. We also briefly cite evidence that each of these environmental factors, in turn, is linked to health. The implicit conceptual model under discussion is as follows (Figure 1): As can be seen above, what we discuss is evidence for two necessary prerequisites for this model to be valid-namely that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with environmental quality and, in turn, that environmental quality affects health. This is not equivalent, however, to the conclusion that SES effects on health are caused

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“…At the same time, farmworkers are at substantially greater risk than the general population for exposure to occupational injuries, communicable diseases (e.g., tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS), and dental diseases. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] There is great concern about occupational exposure of farmworkers to agricultural chemicals and the short-and long-term effects of this exposure. [27][28][29][30] Farmworkers in North Carolina are overwhelming minority-group members, composed almost exclusively of Hispanic and African American workers.…”

Section: Case Study: Enhancing the Participation Of North Carolina Famentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Community Participation in Intervention Research: Farmworkers and Agricultural Chemicals in North Carolina

et al. 1999

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The participation of affected communities in the development of public health intervention research improves project sustainability and effectiveness by making projects more relevant and acceptable to the communities. This article presents a multimode, multidomain model approach for community participation in different project components, which ensures the benefits of participation without requiring the same level of participation in every activity or by every community sector. A case study is used to illustrate the model, describing procedures for establishing and maintaining farmworker participation in developing an intervention to reduce exposure to chemicals. Farmworkers are a poor and underserved population for which the empowering and culturally appropriate benefits of community participation are especially needed. However, this population presents challenges for participatory health projects: geographic dispersion, ethnic diversity, lack of organization, sense of powerlessness, and communication and transportation difficulties. The lessons learned in this case extend the method and theory of community participation.

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The microbiologic quality of drinking water in North Carolina migrant labor camps.

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

The Health of U.S. Hired Farm Workers

The Health of U.S. Hired Farm Workers

Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure

Enhancing Community Participation in Intervention Research: Farmworkers and Agricultural Chemicals in North Carolina

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