The Microbiome and Gut Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Stress Responses and Metabolism

Srivastava, Rai Ajit K.; Lutz, Beat; Azúa, Iñigo Ruı́z de

doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.867267

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 301 publications

(435 reference statements)

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“…There is no doubt that the microbiota affects gut physiology and its role in the gut brain-axis has been convincingly established ( 75 ). Many physiological roles of intestinal microorganisms are associated to the regulation of the intestinal endocannabinoid tone [the so called endocannabinoidome ( 49 ) as extensively described in recent exhaustive reviews ( 76 – 78 ). There is increasing evidence that both selected intestinal microorganisms and bioactive lipids covary in pathological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and inflammation ( 76 ).…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiota Interactions With the Endoca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbiota also modulates intestinal eCB tone; as an example, Rousseaux et al ( 85 ) showed that the expression of intestinal epithelial CB 2 receptor increases when mice or rats are orally administered the bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus . More recently it was found that the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila is a prominent regulator of the gut eCB tone, gut permeability, and secretion of gut peptides ( 86 ); see also ( 78 ) for a comprehensive review. The role of A. muciniphila in pathological conditions has also been investigated.…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiota Interactions With the Endoca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much less is known about the interplay between the PEA, OEA and other biogenic lipids and the microbiota in the context of intestinal homeostasis. As an example, A. muciniphila regulates intestine levels of various fatty acid amides (FAA), among which 2-oleoyl glycerol, (a lipid mediator associated with protection against inflammation, as well as gut permeability), and the secretion of glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) ( 86 ), a gut peptide with broad pharmacological potentials [see also ( 78 ) for a comprehensive review]. Recently some studies ( 88 ) questioned the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila , as plasma analyses of obese and overweight subjects treated for three months with daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the endocannabinoidome.…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiota Interactions With the Endoca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiota and oleoylethanolamide in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis

et al. 2023

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A vast literature strongly suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system and related bioactive lipids (the paracannabinoid system) contribute to numerous physiological processes and are involved in pathological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and intestinal inflammation. The gut paracannabinoid system exerts a prominent role in gut physiology as it affects motility, permeability, and inflammatory responses. Another important player in the regulation of host metabolism is the intestinal microbiota, as microorganisms are indispensable to protect the intestine against exogenous pathogens and potentially harmful resident microorganisms. In turn, the composition of the microbiota is regulated by intestinal immune responses. The intestinal microbial community plays a fundamental role in the development of the innate immune system and is essential in shaping adaptive immunity. The active interplay between microbiota and paracannabinoids is beginning to appear as potent regulatory system of the gastrointestinal homeostasis. In this context, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a key component of the physiological systems involved in the regulation of dietary fat consumption, energy homeostasis, intestinal motility, and a key factor in modulating eating behavior, is a less studied lipid mediator. In the small intestine namely duodenum and jejunum, levels of OEA change according to the nutrient status as they decrease during food deprivation and increase upon refeeding. Recently, we and others showed that OEA treatment in rodents protects against inflammatory events and changes the intestinal microbiota composition. In this review, we briefly define the role of OEA and of the gut microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and recapitulate recent findings suggesting an interplay between OEA and the intestinal microorganisms.

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Section: Intestinal Microbiota Interactions With the Endoca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinal Microbiota Interactions With the Endoca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinal Microbiota Interactions With the Endoca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiota and oleoylethanolamide in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis

et al. 2023

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“…A number of studies have described the use of prebiotics, probiotics, or both in treating anxiety and depression both in animal and human studies [47,[65][66][67][68][69][70]. Notably, in vagotomized mice, probiotic-related effects on neurochemical changes as well as on behavior were abolished, again suggesting a role of the vagus nerve in these beneficial reactions [65].…”

Section: Potential Interventions Targeting the Ecs In Gi And Mood-rel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Gastro-Cannabinology: A Novel Paradigm for Regulating Mood and Digestive Health

Turco,

Brugnatelli,

Abalo

2023

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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The maintenance of homeostasis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is ensured by the presence of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which regulates important physiological activities, such as motility, permeability, fluid secretion, immunity, and visceral pain sensation. Beside its direct effects on the GI system, the ECS in the central nervous system indirectly regulates GI functions, such as food intake and energy balance. Mounting evidence suggests that the ECS may play an important role in modulating central neurotransmission which affects GI functioning. It has also been found that the interaction between the ECS and microbiota affects brain and gut activity in a bidirectional manner, and a number of studies demonstrate that there is a strong relationship between GI dysfunctions and mood disorders. Thus, microbiota can regulate the tone of the ECS. Conversely, changes in intestinal ECS tone may influence microbiota composition. In this mini-review, we propose the concept of neuro-gastro-cannabinology as a novel and alternative paradigm for studying and treating GI disorders that affect mood, as well as mood disorders that imbalance GI physiology. This concept suggests the use of prebiotics or probiotics for improving the tone of the ECS, as well as the use of phytocannabinoids or endocannabinoid-like molecules, such as palmitoylethanolamide, to restore the normal intestinal microbiota. This approach may be effective in ameliorating the negative effects of GI dysfunctions on mood and/or the effects of mood disorders on digestive health.

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“…103 Probiotic treatment increased AEA in the jejunum, whereas antibiotics reduced its levels in the duodenum. 99 Dysbiotic mice showed increased expression of CB2R and reduced CB1R expression in the colon. 104 Mutations in the Myd88 gene disrupted toll-like receptor-mediated bacterial-host interactions, resulting in changes in CB1R messenger RNA levels in the colon.…”

Section: Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use in the United States and its impact on gastrointestinal health

Alshaarawy,

Balasubramanian,

Venkatesan

2023

Nut in Clin Prac

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In recent years, the legalization and social acceptability of cannabis use have increased in the United States. Concurrently, the prevalence of cannabis use has continued to rise, and cannabis products have diversified. There are growing concerns regarding the health effects of regular and high‐potency cannabis use, and new research has shed light on its potentially negative effects. Here, we review evidence of the gastrointestinal (GI) effects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system might contribute to various GI disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome and cyclic vomiting syndrome, and endocannabinoids have been found to regulate visceral sensation, nausea, vomiting, and the gut microbiome. Cannabis has been shown to have antiemetic properties, and the US Food and Drug Administration has approved cannabis‐based medications for treating chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Yet, chronic heavy cannabis use has been linked to recurrent episodes of severe nausea and intractable vomiting (cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome). Given the considerable heterogeneity in the scientific literature, it is unclear if cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is truly a distinct entity or a subtype of cyclic vomiting that is unmasked by heavy cannabis use and the associated dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system. The changes in cannabis legalization, availability, and public risk perceptions have outpaced research in this area and there is a need for robust, prospective, large‐scale studies to understand the effects of cannabis use on GI health.

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The Microbiome and Gut Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Stress Responses and Metabolism

Cited by 26 publications

References 301 publications

Gut microbiota and oleoylethanolamide in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis

Gut microbiota and oleoylethanolamide in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis

Neuro-Gastro-Cannabinology: A Novel Paradigm for Regulating Mood and Digestive Health

Cannabis use in the United States and its impact on gastrointestinal health

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