The microbiome, gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy

Newsome, Rachel C.; Yang, Ye; Jobin, Christian

doi:10.1111/jgh.15742

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…MC 38 cells, derived from murine colon adenocarcinoma cells, were used to verify the WTS results by in vitro assay, especially for CRC patients [ 37 ]. To inhibit the cell proliferation of MC 38 cells, Chek1 siRNA was treated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Characteristics of Cancer Microbiome in Korean Patients with GI Tract Cancer: Fusobacterium nucleatum as a Therapeutic Target

et al. 2022

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Remarkable progress has occurred over the past two decades in identifying microbiomes affecting the human body in numerous ways. The microbiome is linked to gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a common microbiome among GI tract cancers and how the microbiome affects the disease. To ensure ethnic consistency, Korean patients with GI tract cancer were selected. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an enriched bacteria in all cancer tissues. F. nucleatum is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobe that promotes colorectal cancer. Through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG) analyses, the upregulation of the G2M checkpoint pathway was identified in the F. nucleatum-high group. Cell viability and G2M checkpoint pathway genes were examined in MC 38 cells treated with F. nucleatum. F. nucleatum upregulated the expression of G2M checkpoint pathway genes and the cell proliferation of MC 38 cells. F. nucleatum facilitated cancer’s use of G2M checkpoint pathways and F. nucleatum could be a therapeutic target in Korean GI tract cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Characteristics of Cancer Microbiome in Korean Patients with GI Tract Cancer: Fusobacterium nucleatum as a Therapeutic Target

et al. 2022

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“…Despite advances in chemotherapy and immunotherapy in the survival of CRC patients, they have been associated with adverse effects such as colitis, diarrhea, and other immune-related adverse effects. Immune evasion and low mutational rates are also two hurdles in immunotherapy to treat gastrointestinal (GI) cancer [ 199 ]. Of note, evidence has demonstrated the association between the microbiome and the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatments.…”

Section: Manipulating the Microbiota For Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of human microbiome in cancer development and response to therapy: special focus on intestinal microflora

et al. 2022

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In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on the impact of microbial populations inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract on human health and disease. According to the involvement of microbiota in modulating physiological processes (such as immune system development, vitamins synthesis, pathogen displacement, and nutrient uptake), any alteration in its composition and diversity (i.e., dysbiosis) has been linked to a variety of pathologies, including cancer. In this bidirectional relationship, colonization with various bacterial species is correlated with a reduced or elevated risk of certain cancers. Notably, the gut microflora could potentially play a direct or indirect role in tumor initiation and progression by inducing chronic inflammation and producing toxins and metabolites. Therefore, identifying the bacterial species involved and their mechanism of action could be beneficial in preventing the onset of tumors or controlling their advancement. Likewise, the microbial community affects anti-cancer approaches’ therapeutic potential and adverse effects (such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy). Hence, their efficiency should be evaluated in the context of the microbiome, underlining the importance of personalized medicine. In this review, we summarized the evidence revealing the microbiota's involvement in cancer and its mechanism. We also delineated how microbiota could predict colon carcinoma development or response to current treatments to improve clinical outcomes.

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“…Dysbiosis refers to an abnormality in the composition and/or function of the host’s symbiotic microbial ecosystem that exceeds its constitutive capacity and, as a result, has adverse effects on the host [ 25 ]. The microbiome can impact cancer initiation, progression and response to therapy [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. In 2022, the microbiome is mentioned as a distinctive enabling characteristic for the acquisition of hallmarks of cancer capabilities [ 16 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colon Cancer Microbiome Landscaping: Differences in Right- and Left-Sided Colon Cancer and a Tumor Microbiome-Ileal Microbiome Association

Kneis

Wirtz

Weber

et al. 2023

IJMS

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In the current era of precision oncology, it is widely acknowledged that CRC is a heterogeneous disease entity. Tumor location (right- or left-sided colon cancer or rectal cancer) is a crucial factor in determining disease progression as well as prognosis and influences disease management. In the last decade, numerous works have reported that the microbiome is an important element of CRC carcinogenesis, progression and therapy response. Owing to the heterogeneous nature of microbiomes, the findings of these studies were inconsistent. The majority of the studies combined colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) samples as CRC for analysis. Furthermore, the small intestine, as the major site for immune surveillance in the gut, is understudied compared to the colon. Thus, the CRC heterogeneity puzzle is far from being solved, and more research is necessary for prospective trials that separately investigate CC and RC. Our prospective study aimed to map the colon cancer landscape using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in biopsy samples from the terminal ileum, healthy colon tissue, healthy rectal tissue and tumor tissue as well as in preoperative and postoperative stool samples of 41 patients. While fecal samples provide a good approximation of the average gut microbiome composition, mucosal biopsies allow for detecting subtle variations in local microbial communities. In particular, the small bowel microbiome has remained poorly characterized, mainly because of sampling difficulties. Our analysis revealed the following: (i) right- and left-sided colon cancers harbor distinct and diverse microbiomes, (ii) the tumor microbiome leads to a more consistent cancer-defined microbiome between locations and reveals a tumor microbiome–ileal microbiome association, (iii) the stool only partly reflects the microbiome landscape in patients with CC, and (iv) mechanical bowel preparation and perioperative antibiotics together with surgery result in major changes in the stool microbiome, characterized by a significant increase in the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterococcus. Collectively, our results provide new and valuable insights into the complex microbiome landscape in patients with colon cancer.

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The microbiome, gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy

Cited by 13 publications

References 85 publications

Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Characteristics of Cancer Microbiome in Korean Patients with GI Tract Cancer: Fusobacterium nucleatum as a Therapeutic Target

Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Characteristics of Cancer Microbiome in Korean Patients with GI Tract Cancer: Fusobacterium nucleatum as a Therapeutic Target

Emerging role of human microbiome in cancer development and response to therapy: special focus on intestinal microflora

Colon Cancer Microbiome Landscaping: Differences in Right- and Left-Sided Colon Cancer and a Tumor Microbiome-Ileal Microbiome Association

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