The microbiota of the gingival crevice area of man—II

Gibbons, R. J.; Socransky, S. S.; Sawyer, Sylvia J.; Kapsimalis, B.; Macdonald, James B.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(63)90020-7

Cited by 163 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This confirms the findings of Gibbons et al (1963Gibbons et al ( , 1964 and Loesche et al (1972) that these organisms form an important part of the normal flora of the gingival crevice. The methods and medium used for the isolation of Bacteroides spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The surface of the tongue is almost devoid of Bacteroides, and saliva contains a variable number of fusobacteria derived from the gingival crevice (Hadi and Russell, 1968;1969). Gibbons et al (1963Gibbons et al ( , 1964 and Loesche, Hockett and Syed (1972) found that 16.1% of the cultivable flora of the human gingival crevice, 4% of the flora from dental plaque in normal subjects, and 17% of the plaque flora in institutionalised subjects, were gram-negative anaerobic rods; Loesche and Gibbons (1965) devised a scheme for their identification.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Isolation and Identification of Bacteroides Spp. From the Normal Human Gingival Flora

Duerden

1980

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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(1972) was followed in all essential aspects; incubation was at 37°C in an atmosphere of H2 90% and COZ 10%. A slope of Simmons citrate medium seeded with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was included in each jar as a control.Specimens. Sterile toothpicks were used to collect samples of subgingival plaque from 20 normal healthy adults. The subjects were medical students aged 19-20 years; none had any gross oral or dental pathology and none was receiving antibiotic therapy.Isolation of Bacteroides. The methods and media were derived from those of Baird-Parker (1957), Loesche, Hockett and Syed (1971), Syed and Loesche (1973) and Williams et al. (1975); they were evaluated by Holbrook (1976) and Holbrook et al. (1978). The samples of plaque were seeded directly on to a sector of a plate of pre-reduced BM agar (see Williams et al., 1975) with kanamycin 75 pg/ml and vancomycin 2.5 pg/ml and the inoculum was streaked over the remainder of the plate. The plates were examined after anaerobic incubation for 48 h; all colony types were noted and representative colonies were subcultured from each specimen on to plain BM agar. After incubation for a further 48 h, any additional colony types were noted and further representative colonies were subcultured to a total of 10 from each specimen. The colony types were selected in approximate proportions to their comparative numbers on the primary isolation plate. The isolates were suspended in a freezing medium of Nutrient Broth No. 2 (Oxoid) with inactivated horse serum (Wellcome) 10% and glucose 1% and held at -70°C in a liquid-nitrogen container.IdentiJcation of isolates. The isolates were identified by the methods of Duerden et af. (1976, 1980). The tests were: colony morphology after 48-h incubation on blood agar; cell morphology in gram-stained smears from 48-h cultures on blood agar and in BM broth with cooked-meat particles (see Deacon, Duerden and Holbrook, 1978); pigment production on BM agar; haemolysis on human blood agar; motility in BM broth; antibiotic-disk resistance tests with neomycin 1000 pg, kanamycin 1000 pg, penicillin 2 units and rifampicin 15 pg disks; tolerance tests with taurocholate, deoxycholate, Victoria blue 4R and ethyl violet; biochemical tests for the production of indole, digestion of gelatin and hydrolysis of aesculin; fermentation tests with glucose, lactose, sucrose, rhamnose, trehalose, mannitol and xylose.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

The Isolation and Identification of Bacteroides Spp. From the Normal Human Gingival Flora

Duerden

1980

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Bacteroides spp. are a major component of the normal flora of the lower gastro-intestinal tract (Drasar, Shiner & McLeod, 1969;Drasar & Hill, 1974;Holdeman, Good & Moore, 1976), mouth (Gibbons et al 1963;Socransky & Manganiello, 1971) and vagina (Gorbach et al B. I. DUERDEN from 49 % of culture-positive specimens (Martin, 1974). Holland, Hill & Altemeier (1977) isolated anaerobes from 48 8 % of specimens, and Bacteroides spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli isolated from clinical infections

Duerden

1980

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYGram-negative anaerobic bacilli isolated from specimens submitted to the routine diagnostic bacteriology laboratory and regarded as significant pathogens were identified by conventional bacteriological tests; 399 strains isolated from 356 specimens submitted from 332 patients were studied and most were readily identified by the results of a combined set of morphological, biochemical, tolerance and antibiotic disk resistance tests. B. fragilis has particular pathogenic potential and was the commonest species isolated, accounting for > 50 % of strains. The next commonest was B. asaccharolyticus with 55 strains, and 16 other species or groups were represented by smaller numbers. Many (68 %) were from infections related to the gastro-intestinal tract, but there were significant numbers from infections of the male and female genito-urinary tracts, the head, neck and central nervous system and from a variety of soft tissue infections. Most infections were mixed, and a pure culture of a Bacteroides sp. was obtained from only 26 % of infections; two or more strains of Bacteroides were recovered from 55 infections. The specific identification of Bacteroides may help the bacteriologist to judge the significance of laboratory findings, influence the patient's management and prognosis and help determine the source of infection.

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“…Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative, nonsporeforming rod which may constitute 3 to 4% of the total cultivable population of anaerobic isolates from dental plaque and the human gingival crevice (10,13,15). Glutamic acid, lysine, and several other amino acids may be fermented by F. nucleatum to yield a mixture of acetic acid and butyric acid (1,14,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Amino acid-dependent transport of sugars by Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953

Robrish¹,

Oliver²,

Thompson³

1987

J Bacteriol

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Resting cells of Fusobacterium nucleatum 10953 (grown previously in a medium containing glucose) failed to accumulate glucose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. However, the addition of glutamic acid, lysine, or histidine to anaerobic suspensions of cells caused the immediate and rapid accumulation of glucose. Except for the amino acid-dependent transport of galactose and fructose (the latter being transported at approximately one-third the rate of glucose), no other sugars tested were accumulated by the resting cells. Amino acid-dependent uptake of sugar(s) by F. nucleatum was abolished by exposure of cells to air, and under aerobic conditions the rates of fermentation of glutamic acid and lysine were <15% of the rates determined anaerobically. The energy necessary for active transport of the sugars (acetyl phosphate and ATP) is derived from the anaerobic fermentation of glutamic acid, lysine, or histidine. Competition studies revealed that glucose and galactose were mutual and exclusive inhibitors of transport, and it is suggested that the two sugars (Km = 14 ,uM) are translocated via a common carrier. The products of amino acid-dependent sugar transport were recovered from resting cells as ethanol-precipitable, high-molecular-weight polymers. Polymer formation by F. nucleatum, during growth in medium containing glucose or galactose, was confirmed by electron microscopy.

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The microbiota of the gingival crevice area of man—II

Cited by 163 publications

References 12 publications

The Isolation and Identification of Bacteroides Spp. From the Normal Human Gingival Flora

The Isolation and Identification of Bacteroides Spp. From the Normal Human Gingival Flora

The identification of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli isolated from clinical infections

Amino acid-dependent transport of sugars by Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953

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