The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: The preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives

Duan, Hongyun; Qiu, Teng; Guo, Longhai; Ye, Jun; Li, Xiaoyü

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.037

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Among them, urea/formaldehyde (U/F) adhesives is the major resin and has been recently used in the wood industry because of its high bonding strength and its lesser cost than other adhesives [ 20 ]. Its application field involves the manufacturing of plywood [ 21 ], particleboard and medium-density fiberboard [ 22 ]. U/F adhesive possesses some advantages such as fast curing, good performance in panel, water solubility, and low price.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Preparation of Straw Fiber Reinforced Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Isolate/Urea/Formaldehyde Composites for Biocomposite Flower Pots Application

Sun

Liao

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Materials

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The effects of soil burial on the biodegradation of biocomposite flower pots (BFP) made from straw fiber (SF) and hydrolyzed soy protein isolate/urea/formaldehyde (HSPI/U/F) copolymer resin were studied in detail. The microstructure, crystallinity, functional groups, mechanical, degradation and thermal property of the prepared SF with HSPI/U/F copolymer resin have been studied, and the degradation mechanism was also elucidated. XRD results showed that the bond breakage between SF and HSPI/U/F copolymer resin induced a decrease in relative degradation-resistant crystal structures. FTIR spectra showed that the methylolated HSPI units could form a cross-linking network with U/F and SF. The BFP degradation after soil burial was mainly attributed to the effects of microorganisms. The degradation products were environmentally friendly, because they were degradable and could fertilize the soil. In addition, the U/F adhesives were slightly degraded by the microorganisms due to the HSPI in the pots. The TG and DSC results showed that the molecular motion of the BFP matrix could be restricted by the degradation action and the content of HSPI, resulting in decreased crystallization enthalpy and showing good thermal property. The tensile strength of different reinforced samples was not significantly reduced in comparison to U/F resin, and still kept good mechanical performance. Thus, the prepared SF reinforced HSPI/U/F copolymer resins could have good potential for use in the field of biodegradable flower pots because of their good thermal property, mechanical property, biodegradability, and relatively low cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Preparation of Straw Fiber Reinforced Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Isolate/Urea/Formaldehyde Composites for Biocomposite Flower Pots Application

Sun

Liao

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Materials

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“…The as-prepared adhesives were used to prepare three-layered plywood specimens at a spreading rate of 180 g/cm 2 for each layer. The three-layered plywood was then hot-pressed at a temperature of 120 °C under a pressure of 1 MPa for 315 s (4.5 mm thick plywood) [23]. The obtained samples were stored at 20 °C and 60% relative humidity for 12 h before further testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of Bonding Strength and Water Resistance of Soybean Meal-Based Adhesive via Construction of an Interactive Network from Biomass Residues

et al. 2019

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Soybean meal-based adhesives are attractive potential environmentally friendly replacements for formaldehyde-based adhesives. However, the low strength and poor water resistance of soybean meal-based adhesives limit their practical application. This study was conducted to develop a natural fiber-reinforced soybean meal-based adhesive with enhanced water resistance and bonding strength. Pulp fiber (PF), poplar wood fiber (WF), and bagasse fiber (BF) were added as fillers into the soybean meal-based adhesive to enhance its performance via hydrogen bonding between the PF and the soybean meal system. The enhanced adhesive exhibited a strong crosslinking structure characterized by multi-interfacial interactions wherein PF served as a bridging ligament and released residual stress into the crosslinking network. The crosslinked structure and improved interfacial interactions were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Plywood bonded with 4 wt % PF-containing soybean meal-based adhesive exhibited a wet shear strength (1.14 MPa) exceeding that of plywood bonded with the control group by 75.4% due to the stable crosslinking network having efficiently transformed stress and prevented the permeation of water molecules.

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“…In particular, the main sources of hazard identified for formaldehyde are related to its atmospheric emissions and its potential harm to human health, in addition to the impacts caused by its production process (GHG emissions, consumption of nonrenewable fossil resources, toxicity, etc.). Given the reasons listed above, in recent years strict legal requirements have been developed in relation to the emission limits considered for formaldehyde, so that emission levels below 0.3 mg/L must be ensured [4] or by considering adhesives formulated with hardeners or scavengers that prevent or reduce the release of formaldehyde from the wood panel product [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Starch as an Environmental-Friendly Bioresource for the Development of Wood Bioadhesives

Arias

Feijoo

2021

Molecules

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The environment is a very complex and fragile system in which multiple factors of different nature play an important role. Pollution, together with resource consumption, is one of the main causes of the environmental problems currently affecting the planet. In the search for alternative production processes, the use of renewable resources seeks a way to satisfy the demands of resource consumption based on the premises of lower environment impact and less damage to human health. In the wood sector, the panel manufacturing process is based on the use of formaldehyde-based resins. However, their poor moisture resistance leads to hydrolysis of amino-methylene bonds, which induces formaldehyde emissions throughout the lifetime of the wood panel. This manuscript investigates the environmental profile associated with different wood bioadhesives based on starch functionalization as a renewable alternative to formaldehyde resins. Considering that this is a process under development, the conceptual design of the full-scale process will be addressed by process modeling and the environmental profile will be assessed using life cycle assessment methodology. A comparative study with synthetic resins will provide useful information for modify their development to become real alternatives in the wood-based panel industry. The results obtained show the enormous potential of starch bioadhesives, as their environmental impact values are lower compared to those based on petrochemicals. However, certain improvements in the energy process requirements and in the chemical agents used could be developed to provide even better results.

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The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: The preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Green Preparation of Straw Fiber Reinforced Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Isolate/Urea/Formaldehyde Composites for Biocomposite Flower Pots Application

Green Preparation of Straw Fiber Reinforced Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Isolate/Urea/Formaldehyde Composites for Biocomposite Flower Pots Application

Reinforcement of Bonding Strength and Water Resistance of Soybean Meal-Based Adhesive via Construction of an Interactive Network from Biomass Residues

Evaluation of Starch as an Environmental-Friendly Bioresource for the Development of Wood Bioadhesives

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