The microplastic profile of an urban African stream

Dahms, Heinrich T. J.; Rensburg, Gregg J van; Greenfield, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138893

Cited by 95 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Indeed, if urban areas are often characterized by higher MPs pollution, the difference compared to the surroundings is not always significant nor confirmed. Also, the hydraulic characteristics of the water body and anthropic changes are put under the spotlight by some authors: Huang et al [33] observed a noticeable decrease in MPs abundance in water downstream the river dam, while Dahms et al [34] did not notice a difference in MPs abundance in water, while observed higher MPs abundance in sediments and biota upstream. River mouths appears to be often a concentration spot for MPs, while the straight tracts seem to ease MPs flow along the river compared to inner and outer bends [31,[35][36][37].…”

Section: Surface Waters: Rivers and Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and fate of microplastics in the water sources: focus on the role of wastewater and drinking water treatment plants

Barchiesi

Chiavola

Marcantonio

et al. 2021

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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Microplastics are nowadays considered as ubiquitous pollutants since have been found widespread in all environmental compartments, particularly in the water sources. In the urban water cycle, the drinking water treatment plants and the wastewater treatment plants are the first and last barriers to microplastics pollution, respectively. The present work aims at presenting the information available on microplastic presence in the urban water cycle, reporting and linking what is known at the different stages. Focus is on the water sources and on the role of the water treatment plants as source and control of microplastics pollution. Aspects evaluated are microplastics abundance, characterization in terms of morphology, size and polymer composition, spatial and temporal variations, factors influencing their distribution and abundance, effects of treatments on their removal. Up to now there is no common framework for microplastics collection, sample pre-treatment, identification, quantification and classification. Data comparison is hindered due to the various analytical protocols implemented; hence the conclusions driven are mostly indicative or of very local significance. The available information is not evenly distributed among the urban water cycle components. For the establishment of proper microplastics pollution control strategies, the relative role of wastewater and drinking water treatment plants needs to be better deepened in terms of both quantity and quality effects. All these aspects are afforded in the present review which is based on the more recent data published by the specialized literature.

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Section: Surface Waters: Rivers and Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and fate of microplastics in the water sources: focus on the role of wastewater and drinking water treatment plants

Barchiesi

Chiavola

Marcantonio

et al. 2021

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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“…Many of the reports worldwide on the volumes of water samples in the bulk sampling techniques are compared as high as 100 L (Song et al 2014 ), but, there are limited reports with 100 mL and 2 L volumes by Dubaish and Liebezeit (2013 ), Leslie et al ( 2017 ), and the results are significantly different. In this review, 100 L of bulk water samples (Dahms et al 2020 ), 188.692 L water samples (Nel and Froneman 2015 ) were reported and had a significant difference in the MPs occurrence, sizes, and type of polymers. Even some of the reports used a continuous intake of pumping from the water system to a laboratory with defined flow rates (Kanhai et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Sampling Techniques Mps Preparations and Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These processes have been used to remove interfering organic tissues and inorganic dust also. In this review, the degradation of impurities in the samples was found oxidation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) (Sparks 2020 ; Adika et al 2020 ; Shabaka et al 2020 ; Dahms et al 2020 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (Adeogun et al 2020 ; Oni et al 2020 ; Vilakati et al 2020 ), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (Biginagwa et al 2016 ). KOH and H 2 O 2 are most popular and reportedly found in the retrieved literature as well as worldwide used for effective treatment processes as an oxidizing agent.…”

Section: Sampling Techniques Mps Preparations and Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MP pollution in River Jukskei from water and sediment samples at the urban streams have been studied and recorded different values in different sampling sites. The mean values of MPs are recorded as 705 particles m − 3 in water, and 166.8 particles kg −1 in sediment samples (Dahms et al 2020 ). The MP pollution from the Rivers Obiaraedu, Nwangele, Okumpi, Ogbajarajara, and Onuezuze from southeastern Nigeria was reported in one research article.…”

Section: The Occurrence Of Microplastics In African Countries Aquatic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastic pollution in African countries’ water systems: a review on findings, applied methods, characteristics, impacts, and managements

Aragaw

2021

SN Appl. Sci.

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Owed to their simplicity, flexibility, lightweight, and low cost, plastics have become highly demanded in Africa as well as worldwide. However, the management of plastic wastes, particularly in African countries, is inadequate and most of the plastic debris is gatewayed into the water bodies. Nowadays, environmentalists, organizations, and governments are aware of microplastic pollution in the marine and terrestrial environment. Thus, addressing a compressive literature review in one referenced paper, as they draw up the articles, is essential to propose new research directions, to synthesize the existing theories among the existing studies. The abundance of microplastics is variable depending on the sampling and identification techniques. In this review, the available publications on microplastic pollution in African countries’ water systems were retrieved. Investigations found that microplastic pollution levels in the studied water bodies were reported in high concentrations. It was observed that different sampling and analytical methods were applied for the detection of microplastics, and suggestions were raised at it may affect the reliability of the results. Most of the detected and quantified microplastics were confirmed as they are from secondary sources. Most of the microplastic pollution research was conducted dominantly in South Africa, and secondly Nigeria, although other countries should also start conducting in their water systems. Surface water and sediment samples were dominantly carried out, but are limited with biota samples; hence, the risk assessment of microplastics is not yet determined. Some of the African countries have regulations on the prevention of macroplastic wastes, but the implementations are unsuccessful and most have not yet been established resulting in a threat of microplastics pollution. Thus, the research priorities on microplastic detection should be identified, and the African countries’ governments should be more proactive in eradicating macroplastic, which ends up as microplastics, pollutions in the water environments. Graphic abstract Article Highlights Researches on microplastic pollution in African countries water system is limited . A high microplastics abundance is found in African countries water system. Sampling methods and used analytical techniques for microplastic detection were included. Harmonized standard methods for microplastic pollution research should be established. Combined analytical tools at once should be adopted to detect reliable microplastics.

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“…To assess and quantify the different MPs uptake in A. salina, a direct counting and identification under a Leica DM6B microscope were performed [66,67]. In addition, several images of the analyzed specimens, from each group and time point sampled, were captured at different magnification with Leica DM6B equipped with a Leica DFC7000T Imaging system and LAS X software, for further analysis [68] with ImageJ software [69].…”

Section: Microplastic Uptake Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Polystyrene Microspheres Abundance on Development and Feeding Behavior of Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758)

et al. 2021

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In the present study, it has been evaluated how 10 µm of polyethylene microspheres can be ingested by Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae within the first 7 days of the life cycle, and the impact on their health. Twelve A. salina larvae (instar I) groups were exposed to different microplastics (MPs) concentrations (0-1-10-102-103-104 MPs/mL), with and without Dunaliella salina as a food source. The results highlighted that A. salina larvae ingest MPs in relation to the exposure times in a dose-dependent manner and are significantly influenced by food availability. The highest contamination found was 306.2 MPs/individual at 104 MPs/mL exposure without a food source. No MPs were found in the presence of the food source from 1 to 102 MPs/mL, while contamination was detected at all concentrations of MPs without a food source. The worst effect on the developmental stages was evaluated at 168 h with a food source, with a delay compared to the control of I and II instars at 103 and 104 MPs/mL, respectively. Furthermore, microalgal feeding was significantly reduced for about 50% in the presence of 104 MPs/mL. These results highlight that aquatic microplastics pollution could affect the A. salina’s feeding behavior and life cycle.

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The microplastic profile of an urban African stream

Cited by 95 publications

References 37 publications

Presence and fate of microplastics in the water sources: focus on the role of wastewater and drinking water treatment plants

Presence and fate of microplastics in the water sources: focus on the role of wastewater and drinking water treatment plants

Microplastic pollution in African countries’ water systems: a review on findings, applied methods, characteristics, impacts, and managements

The Influence of Polystyrene Microspheres Abundance on Development and Feeding Behavior of Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758)

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