The microstructure and characteristics of 0.875PZT–0.125PMN ceramics with addition of Pb-based flux

Low‐Temperature Sintering of Lead Zinc Niobate–Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics Using Nano‐Sized Powder Prepared by the Stirred Media Milling Process

“…The average grain size of the sintered sample of the conventional milled powder was larger than that of the stirred media milled powder mainly because of the larger particle size of the starting powder. The 4PbO–B 2 O 3 glass frit acts as a grain growth promoter when its amount is small, but inhibits grain growth above the solubility limit 15 . In this study, formation of a second phase by the 4PbO–B 2 O 3 glass frit was not detected; however, the grain size of the liquid phase‐added specimen was slightly smaller than that in which no liquid phase was added.…”

“…Also, 4PbO–B 2 O 3 glass frits were added to the 4PZN–6PZT powder to decrease the densification temperature further by forming a liquid phase. 4PbO–B 2 O 3 glass frit is known to form a liquid phase at a temperature of as low as 500°C 14,15 Figure 4. shows the XRD patterns of 750°C sintered samples of the pressed pellets obtained from the conventional milled powder (powder C) and stirred media milled powders without excess PbO (powder S), stirred media milled powder containing 2% of excess PbO (powder SP), and stirred media milled powder containing 2% of excess PbO+1% of 4PbO–B 2 O 3 glass frits (powder SL).…”

“…In this study, 0.4Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –0.6Pb(Zr 0.47 Ti 0.53 )O 3 [PZN–PZT] nanopowder with particles of ∼35 nm average diameter was prepared, and its sintering behavior was analyzed in the sintering temperature range of 700°–900°C. Also, excess PbO were added to the nanopowder to compensate a high PbO evaporation rate, and 4PbO–B 2 O 3 glass frit, which is known to form a liquid phase at a temperature of as low as 500°–650°C, 14,15 were added to observe the effects of liquid phase formation during sintering. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the samples were measured and explained based on the samples' microstructures.…”

Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of lead magnesium niobate–lead zirconate titanate ceramics prepared by mixed-oxide method

“…16 The dielectric properties of PZT ceramic, as plotted in Fig. 3(a), change significantly with temperature, but are nearly independent of frequency, except in the vicinity of the phase transformation temperature.…”

“…4,5,13,15 However, these previous works have only focused on a few compositions in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and of the end members. 1,[8][9][10]12,14,16 Thus far, there has been no systematic study on dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics within the entire compositional range between PMN and PZT at MPB composition; e.g. Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 .…”