The microstructure and mechanical properties of selective electron beam melting manufactured 9–12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel using N- and Ar-atomized powder

Lee, Tack; Aoyagi, Kazuhiko; Bian, Huakang; Yamanaka, Kazushi; Sato, Sadao; Chiba, Akihiko

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102075

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The SLM 316 L prepared under high laser power conditions has good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, while the long‐term experiments of SLM 316 L prepared under low‐power conditions in simulated body fluids show that its performance is poor and unstable. In 2021, Lee et al [ 191 ] used argon atomization and nitrogen atomization to prepare low‐carbon 9‐12Cr heat‐resistant ferrite/martensitic steel by the EBM method. In 2017, Sander et al [ 87 ] found that SLM improves the structure, mechanical behavior, and wear properties of FeCrMoVC steel.…”

Section: Powder‐based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Shanthar,

Chen,

Abeykoon

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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As a 0‐dimensional moulding material, powder particles can realise the construction of most engineering parts and can further improve the precision moulding and high‐performance manufacturing capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM). Therefore, the powder‐based additive manufacturing methods provide an outstanding practical value and development for modern manufacturing world. However, powder materials that are utilised in additive manufacturing continue to face challenges such as a lack of accessible categories, temperature restrictions, and poor performance of moulded components. Therefore, researching for new additive manufacturing materials and procedures has become one of the important and influential ways to accelerate the progress of additive manufacturing technology and also to expand its application fields. For this purpose, it is invaluable to understand and update on the current state‐of‐the‐art of powder‐based additive manufacturing technologies. Hence, this work first reviews the research background of powder‐based 3D printing in details while systematically expounding on the technologies and equipment, material types, influencing factors, existing problems and development trends of powder‐based 3D printing. In addition, the basic principles of powder‐based 3D printing were also revealed, and the formation and optimization of metal, polymer, and ceramic powders in powder‐based 3D printing equipment were explored. Throughout the last decade, powder‐based AM has gradually emerged in the fields of biomedical and aerospace, such as the construction of tissue scaffolds and the construction of aero‐engine parts, respectively. However, powder materials may have insufficient comprehensive performance due some limitations, as the control of mechanical characteristics and dimensional accuracy of powder moulded parts are still challenging during manufacturing processes. Therefore, exploring the mechanism/s of additive manufacturing of powder‐based materials, improving the mechanical properties of powder‐based AM products, and the possible directions for improving the usability of powder materials are the main focus of this paper.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Powder‐based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Shanthar,

Chen,

Abeykoon

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Xu et al [19] revealed that additively manufactured Inconel 718 wire arc had better strength than the wrought Inconel 718. Lee et al [20] investigated the microstructures and mechanical properties of heat resistant steel (Low-C 9-12Cr) fabricated by selective electron beam melting with Ar- and N- powders and showed better tensile strengths of 1300 and 1167 MPa, respectively. The microstructure study showed that M23C6 carbides precipitated with a tempered ferritic/structure as presented in the Argon component and Nitrogen built components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of performance characteristics on direct metal laser sintered MONEL K-500 superalloy

Mani,

Mohanraj,

Karthikeyan

et al. 2023

Materials Science and Technology

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MONEL K-500 superalloy is difficult to manufacture precisely in traditional manufacturing processes like casting, forming and machining. The direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process is one of the best metal additive manufacturing processes used in this work. In this work, Laser Power (LP), Scan Speed (SS), Hatch Distance (HD) and Layer Thickness (LT) are used as DMLS process parameters. L09 Orthogonal array is used for printing the MONEL K-500 metal parts. The performance characteristics like ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and surface toughness ( Ra) are improved by 2% and 17% for the Taguchi optimum parameter levels. Contour plots explained the interaction effects of DMLS process parameters on performance characteristics. The better microstructural characteristics obtained the higher optimum parameter level.

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“…Moreover, a wide range of process parameters, such as the power and scanning speed of the electron beam, and a unique preheating procedure [7,8], are beneficial for minimizing building defects. Therefore, EB-PBF has been applied to a variety of metals and alloys, such as titanium [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloys [17][18][19], Ni-based superalloys [20][21][22][23][24][25], steels [26][27][28][29], copper [30,31], and high-entropy alloys [32][33][34][35][36]. In the EB-PBF process, a high-energy electron beam scans a metal powder bed, creating a highly localized melt pool that enables rapid heating and cooling [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocation Density of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Ti–6Al–4V Alloys Determined via Time-Of-Flight Neutron Diffraction Line-Profile Analysis

Yamanaka

Mori

Onuki

et al. 2022

Metals

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Ti–6Al–4V alloys undergo a multiple phase transformation sequence during electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) additive manufacturing, forming unique dislocation substructures. Thus, determining the dislocation density is crucial for comprehensively understanding the strengthening mechanisms and deformation behavior. This study performed time-of-flight neutron diffraction (TOF-ND) measurements of Ti–6Al–4V alloys prepared via EB-PBF and examined the dislocation density in the as-built and post-processed states using convolutional multiple whole profile (CMWP) fitting. The present TOF-ND/CMWP approach successfully determined the bulk-averaged dislocation density (6.8 × 1013 m−2) in the as-built state for the α-matrix, suggesting a non-negligible contribution of dislocation hardening. The obtained dislocation density values were comparable to those obtained by conventional and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, confirming the reliability of the analysis, and indicating that the dislocations in the α-matrix were homogeneously distributed throughout the as-built specimen. However, the negative and positive neutron scattering lengths of Ti and Al, respectively, lowered the diffraction intensity for the Ti−6Al−4V alloys, thereby decreasing the lower limit of the measurable dislocation density and making the analysis difficult.

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of selective electron beam melting manufactured 9–12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel using N- and Ar-atomized powder

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Investigations of performance characteristics on direct metal laser sintered MONEL K-500 superalloy

Dislocation Density of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Ti–6Al–4V Alloys Determined via Time-Of-Flight Neutron Diffraction Line-Profile Analysis

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