Under the conventional solidification condition, a liquid aluminium alloy can be hardly undercooled because of oxidation. In this work, rapid solidification of an undercooled liquid Al 80.4 Cu 13.6 Si 6 ternary eutectic alloy was realized by the glass fluxing method combined with recycled superheating. The relationship between superheating and undercooling was investigated at a certain cooling rate of the alloy melt. The maximum undercooling is 147 K (0.18T E ). The undercooled ternary eutectic is composed of α(Al) solid solution, (Si) semiconductor and θ(CuAl 2 ) intermetallic compound. In the (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic, (Si) faceted phase grows independently, while (Al) and θ non-faceted phases grow cooperatively in the lamellar mode. When undercooling is small, only (Al) solid solution forms as the leading phase. Once undercooling exceeds 73 K, (Si) phase nucleates firstly and grows as the primary phase.
The alloy microstructure consists of primary (Al) dendrite, (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectic and (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic at small undercooling, while at large undercooling primary (Si) block, (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectic and (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic coexist. As undercooling increases, the volume fraction of primary (Al) dendrite decreases and that of primary (Si) block increases.liquid physics, ternary eutectic, undercooling, crystal nucleation, rapid solidification Nonequilibrium solidification of liquid alloy under the unconventional condition is a significant research subject in the field of material science and condensed physics [1][2][3][4][5][6] . Rapid solidification of alloy melt can be obtained with a low cooling rate by the undercooling method. It provides an experimental basis for investigating the thermodynamics rule and crystal growth mechanism during the nonequilibrium phase transition process. In the undercooling experiment, the undercooling level influences the crystalline dynamics mechanism drastically, which causes new microstructural characteristics. These new microstructural characteristics include the enlargement of solubility, refinement of grains, uniformity of solute distribution, formation of the metastable phase and increase of defect density and so on. The rapid solidification process of an undercooled ternary alloy is more complicated than that of a binary alloy. However, the detailed systematic investigation on the rapid eutectic growth mechanism of ternary alloys is still scarce.The Al-Cu-Si alloy system, a typical eutectic alloy system, is applied in the field of braze welding for its characteristics of low melting point, good fluidity, etc. Up to now, a lot of investigations have been carried out on the microstructural formation rule and performance of Al-Cu-Si non-eutectic alloy [7][8][9] but rarely on the ternary eutectic formation mechanism of undercooled Al-Cu-Si alloys. Based on the Al-Cu-Si alloy phase diagram [10] , Al 80.4 Cu 13.6 Si 6 is the ternary eutectic composition and the eutectic transition temperature is 797 K. The location of Al 80.4 Cu 13.6 Si 6 alloy in the ...