The Middle Mongolian Vocalic Hiatus

Miller, Roy Andrew

doi:10.1556/aorient.55.2002.1-3.15

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“…šan  (028.189.011) <š.a.an> (K258), Chinese shan 山 'mountain, hill', LMCh ʂa:n, EMCh ʂǝin/ʂε:n, here LMCh has long vowel, EMCh a diphthong. sam    (244.189.184) <s.a.am> Chinese san 'three' 三 LMCh, EMCh sa:m. A very detailed investigation of the so-called 'hiatus problem' was published by R. A Miller (2002)…”

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confidence: 99%

Khitan studies I. The graphs of the Khitan Small Script. 2. The vowels

Róna-Tas

2017

Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungarica

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In the second part of this series of papers the author investigates the way how the Khitan Small Script rendered the vowels of the Khitan language. The graphic system was tailored to the contemporary Chinese language, nevertheless, it is possible to make conclusions concerning the system of vowels. Three illabial vowels /a/, /e/ and /i/ can be identified, the back vocalic /ï/ can only be supposed. The vowel /o/ is dominant, for traces of /ö/ no sure data can be given. The phoneme /u/ can be clearly detected, the phoneme /ü/ can be supposed. The former opinion that the Khitan had a front:back vowel harmony can be confirmed. The paper presents a few newly deciphered Khitan words. The system of the Khitan word formation is emerging and a few earlier readings have been corrected.

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confidence: 99%