“…1,2 For those who arrive alive at the hospital, the estimated rate of mortality is 32%; one-third of these patients die before operative intervention. 1,3,4 The timing of surgery (emergent vs. delayed), whether circulatory assistance should be employed ("clamp-and-sew" vs. cardiopulmonary bypass vs. left heart bypass), and the operative technique (open repair vs. endovascular repair) have been discussed, and the strategy for managing hemodynamically unstable patients is controversial.…”