The Migration of Engine ECU Software From Single-Core to Multi-Core

Moon, Jun Young; Kim, Do Yeon; Kim, Jin Ho; Jeon, Jae Wook

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3071500

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As technology progressed, there was a notable integration of microcontrollers and sensors, leading to the evolution of electronic systems in vehicles (Cioroaica et al, 2019). This integration allowed for more sophisticated functionalities and applications, enhancing the overall performance and safety of automotive embedded systems (Moon et al, 2021).…”

Section: Historical Evolution Of Embedded Systems In Automotivementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of embedded systems in automotive industry: A global review

Sedat Sonko,

Cosmas Dominic Daudu,

Femi Osasona

et al. 2024

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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The automotive industry has undergone a revolutionary transformation with the integration of embedded systems, marking a paradigm shift in vehicle design, performance, and safety. This global review explores the evolution of embedded systems in the automotive sector, encompassing the technological advancements, market trends, and the transformative impact on vehicle functionalities. Over the past few decades, the automotive landscape has witnessed a rapid integration of embedded systems to enhance vehicle intelligence and connectivity. These systems, ranging from Engine Control Units (ECUs) to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), have become pivotal in shaping the modern automotive experience. The review delves into the historical trajectory, starting from the early stages of simple control units to the sophisticated, interconnected systems prevalent in today's vehicles. The adoption of embedded systems has not been uniform across regions, and the review highlights the global trends and regional disparities in implementing these technologies. Different countries and automotive markets have exhibited diverse approaches, influenced by regulatory frameworks, consumer preferences, and the availability of infrastructure. Moreover, the review examines the symbiotic relationship between embedded systems and the emergence of electric and autonomous vehicles. As the automotive industry embraces sustainability and autonomy, embedded systems play a pivotal role in achieving these objectives by optimizing energy consumption, improving safety measures, and enabling seamless communication between vehicles and their environment. The challenges and opportunities associated with the evolution of embedded systems are also scrutinized, including cybersecurity concerns, standardization efforts, and the growing role of artificial intelligence in automotive applications. This comprehensive review contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics between embedded systems and the automotive industry, providing valuable insights for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers navigating the ever-evolving landscape of smart and connected vehicles.

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Section: Historical Evolution Of Embedded Systems In Automotivementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of embedded systems in automotive industry: A global review

Sedat Sonko,

Cosmas Dominic Daudu,

Femi Osasona

et al. 2024

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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“…This complicates the adoption of, e.g. automotive techniques (Moon et al 2021) that use offsetting to distribute the peak load of read-execute-write (Hamann et al 2017;Pellizzoni et al 2011) workloads over successive periods. Moreover, as mentioned in Sect.…”

Section: Coarse Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

MemPol: polling-based microsecond-scale per-core memory bandwidth regulation

Zuepke,

Bastoni,

Chen

et al. 2024

Real-Time Syst

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In today’s multiprocessor systems-on-a-chip, the shared memory subsystem is a known source of temporal interference. The problem causes logically independent cores to affect each other’s performance, leading to pessimistic worst-case execution time analysis. Memory regulation via throttling is one of the most practical techniques to mitigate interference. Traditional regulation schemes rely on a combination of timer and performance counter interrupts to be delivered and processed on the same cores running real-time workload. Unfortunately, to prevent excessive overhead, regulation can only be enforced at a millisecond-scale granularity. In this work, we present a novel regulation mechanism from outside the cores that monitors performance counters for the application core’s activity in main memory at a microsecond scale. The approach is fully transparent to the applications on the cores, and can be implemented using widely available on-chip debug facilities. The presented mechanism also allows more complex composition of metrics to enact load-aware regulation. For instance, it allows redistributing unused bandwidth between cores while keeping the overall memory bandwidth of all cores below a given threshold. We implement our approach on a host of embedded platforms and conduct an in-depth evaluation on the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ ZCU102, NXP i.MX8M and NXP S32G2 platforms using the San Diego Vision Benchmark Suite.

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“…The growing effort in creating CAVs enables the development of OBCUs with interesting architectures [21]- [28]. Indeed, tailoring the OBCUs architecture to fit within CAVs is a challenging hardware design task.…”

Section: On-board Computational Units In Connected and Autonomous Veh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brugnolli et al in [23] present a customized ECU for predictive and adaptive cruise control. In another investigation, Moone et al [21] investigates a methodology for migrating engine ECU software from single-core to multi-core processors. More specifically, the target multi-core processor is the Tricore TC275 developed by Infenion.…”

Section: On-board Computational Units In Connected and Autonomous Veh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future Trends in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling Communications and Processing Technologies

2022

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With significant advancements in information and communication technologies, connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can provide improved transportation services. At present, a variety of technologies, such as vehicular networks, communication interfaces, and modern hardware devices enable CAVs to support reliable, safe, and quality transportation system options with improved performance and increased effectiveness. In this paper, we carefully explore a set of distinguished state-of-theart CAV systems with a focus on On-board Computational Unit (OBCU) hardware architectures, communication technologies, deployment challenges, and performance aspects. The exploration critically identifies important area transformations and anticipates future trends influencing CAV communications and processing requirements. To that end, we propose the design of a future generic OBCU architecture that can be customized with appealing features and used in CAVs.

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The Migration of Engine ECU Software From Single-Core to Multi-Core

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

The evolution of embedded systems in automotive industry: A global review

The evolution of embedded systems in automotive industry: A global review

MemPol: polling-based microsecond-scale per-core memory bandwidth regulation

Future Trends in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling Communications and Processing Technologies

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