The Migration of the Warming Center and Urban Heat Island Effect in Shanghai During Urbanization

Abstract

Based on the monthly air temperature data from 11 national meteorological stations of Shanghai, the construction land areas derived from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data and population density data, the migration of urban warming centers in different decades since 1980s and their possible causes were analyzed, and the temporal and spatial variation characters of urban heat island (UHI) were investigated. The location of warming centers migrated from Baoshan to Pudong and then moved toward Songjiang and Nanhui. The shifting of the location of the warming center mainly depends on the growth of metropolitan construction land area and population density. The intensity of UHI displayed three stages successively: slow growth stage (1961-1986) with a growth rate of 0.13 • C/10a, rapid growth (1987-2204) stage with a growth rate of 0.60 • C/10a, and obvious deceleration stage (2005-2017) with a decline rate 0.43 • C/10a. In the past 57 years, the intensity of UHI in the nighttime was 0.4 • C greater than that of the daytime. With the accelerating process of urbanization, the UHI in Shanghai gradually expanded from the urban areas to the surrounding suburbs and even began to expand radially toward the southwest of the rural regions in the 21st century. The results can provide references for urban heatwave prediction and mitigation of the UHI effect in Shanghai.

Identifying Street Environmental Factors That Attract Public Attention from the Jogger’s Perspective: A Multiscale Spatial Exploration

“…Vertical elements and sports facilities are concentrated in newly developed urban districts, featuring diverse outdoor designs and new sports facilities. Temperature, prevalent in urban fringe areas, may be related to the urban heat island effect [78,79], making the climate in areas outside urban centers more suitable and perceptible for jogging.…”

Attribution of Urban Diurnal Thermal Environmental Change: Importance of Global–Local Effects

“…The local correlation between the independent variable 푥 of region i and the dependent variable 푦 in region j can be classified into four types: high-high cluster, low-low cluster, high-low outlier, and low-high outlier. The local Moran's I index for region i 퐼 can be expressed as (9):…”

“…Local landscape effects reflect the emissivity, albedo, and topographic relief of the urban subsurface. These changes are mainly caused by changes in subsurface properties due to rapid urban expansion and renewal [8], [9]. The resulting urban heat island effect, in which urban temperatures are higher than those in the suburbs, is also the most significant feature of the changing urban thermal environment [10], [11].…”

Appraising Agroecological Urbanism: A Vision for the Future of Sustainable Cities

“…Although urbanization provides many social and economic opportunities, it is regarded as one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century, with more than 60% of the world's population expected to live in cities by 2030, including approximately 55% and 20% of the world's poor and undernourished, respectively [29]. Furthermore, the effects of UHI have been reported to pose a significant threat to the world's growing urban societies, affecting energy consumption and increasing emissions of GHGs and air pollutants [30,31]. According to Zhu et al [32], urban areas consume roughly two-thirds of the world's energy and emit approximately 80% of GHGs, particularly CO 2 .…”