The minerals

Lall, Santosh P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819587-1.00005-7

Cited by 32 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 409 publications

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“…Phosphorus plays an important role in animal growth and metabolism (Lall, 2022). However, excessive or unutilized phosphorus in aquatic feed will be directly discharged into water, which is one of the main reasons for eutrophication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent digestibility of ten protein ingredients for largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Qiu

Dai

Chen

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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The study was conducted to investigate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients in commonly used protein sources for largemouth bass. A reference diet and test diets with 70% reference diet and 30% feedstuff were formulated with yttrium oxide as a digestibility indicator. Overall, the ADC of dry matter of tested protein ingredients was 69.5%–96.4%, and the ADC of dry matter in animal protein sources was significantly higher than in the other five plant protein sources. The ADC of crude proteins ranged from 89.1% to 97.3% for all tested feedstuffs. The ADC value of total amino acids in the tested ingredients is consistent with that of the protein. The ADC of crude lipid of tested ingredients ranged from 45.4% to 96.2%, and the lowest and highest values were observed in porcine haemoglobin powder and pet‐grade poultry by‐product meal, respectively. The ADC of total phosphorus of animal protein ingredients, except porcine haemoglobin powder, was significantly higher than that of plant protein ingredients, except fermented soybean meal. The results revealed the difference in availability of nutrients in plant and animal protein sources for largemouth bass, which could provide a theoretical basis for the selection of protein sources of commercial feed for largemouth bass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent digestibility of ten protein ingredients for largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Qiu

Dai

Chen

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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“…Minerals are frequently added to commercial feeds to promote optimal growth, functional bioactivity, and antimicrobial properties from the standpoint of mineral nutrition, as well as to prevent mineral deficiencies that could compromise production [73]. There are many factors to consider when it comes to the optimal concentration of essential metals in feed [76]: genetic influences, diet, interactions between nutrients, bioavailability, and subclinical toxic effects [74,77]. Since soil and climate conditions around the world have a significant impact on farming practices, the levels of heavy metal contamination in feed can vary widely, making it difficult to generalize across locations and legal restrictions [74].…”

Section: Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Heavy Metals on the Chicken Gut Microbiota and Their Health and Diseases

Acheampong¹

2022

Broiler Industry

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It is important to consider the health and well-being of birds in various production methods. The microbial makeup and function of a bird’s gastrointestinal (GIT) system may vary based on the bird’s food, breed, age, and other environmental conditions. Gut flora play a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Environmental exposure to contaminants such as heavy metals (HMs) has been linked to a wide range of disorders, including the development of dysbiosis in the gut, according to many studies. Changes in the gut microbiota caused by HMs are a major factor in the onset and progression of these illnesses. The microbiota in the gut is thought to be the first line of defense against HMs. Thus, HMs exposure modifies the gut microbiota composition and metabolic profile, affecting HMs uptake and metabolism by altering pH, oxidative balance, and concentrations of detoxifying enzymes or proteins involved in HM metabolism. This chapter will focus on the exposure of chicken to HMs from their feed or water and how these HMs affect the immune system resulting in various diseases.

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“…Te use of synthetic choline sources such as choline chloride may represent certain challenges or limitations during the production and storage of the feed due to choline's strong hygroscopicity and alkalinity. As an example, choline chloride should not be mixed in vitamin premixes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidylcholine in Krill Meal and Krill Oil as a Source of Choline for Prevention of Intestinal Steatosis in Atlantic Salmon

Kaur

Krogdahl

Kortner

2023

Aquaculture Research

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Intestinal steatosis, called lipid malabsorption syndrome (LMS) in severe cases, is a common condition in farmed Atlantic salmon, associated with choline deficiency causing low lipid transport in enterocytes, excessive lipid accumulation, and increased mucosal weight. A previous dose-response study supplying a plant-based diet with choline chloride indicated that 3.4 g/kg choline prevents LMS in Atlantic salmon. However, no similar documentation exists using phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a choline source. The present study therefore aimed to determine the ability of PC from krill meal (KM) and krill oil (KO) towards reducing steatosis in Atlantic salmon. Two diets with suboptimal PC levels (1.5 and 2.6 g/kg) were tested against two control diets, a choline-deficient diet with no supplementation (0.6 g/kg), and a high choline (4.0 g/kg choline chloride) diet. After 8 weeks of freshwater feeding, growth was significantly higher in KM and KO groups, at both PC levels, in comparison to the choline-deficient group. However, growth was significantly higher only in the KM and KO diets with 2.6 g/kg of PC when compared to the positive control. This indicated that suboptimal levels of PC from KM and KO satisfied choline needs for growth. A clear dose-dependent effect on the decreasing pyloric intestine (PI) somatic index was observed for KM and KO diets, with no significant difference between KM and KO diets (2.6 g/kg choline) and high choline reference diet. Accordingly, PC from both KM and KO significantly reduced lipid accumulation in the PI and liver when added to a choline-deficient diet. However, histological and lipid analyses also indicated that the optimal dietary choline requirement for full elimination of lipid accumulation in PI is higher than 2.6 g/kg with KM and KO as supplementary sources.

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The minerals

Cited by 32 publications

References 409 publications

Apparent digestibility of ten protein ingredients for largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Apparent digestibility of ten protein ingredients for largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

The Impact of Heavy Metals on the Chicken Gut Microbiota and Their Health and Diseases

Phosphatidylcholine in Krill Meal and Krill Oil as a Source of Choline for Prevention of Intestinal Steatosis in Atlantic Salmon

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