The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)

Cognitive function and its association with level of education and work status in adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

“…The mean MMSE score in our sample falls under the common cutoff point of cognitive impairment which is <24, or exactly at it if we consider the median (M=24). 3 Whether this indicates that subjects in our sample suffer from cognitive impairment is arguable, since a similar mean (lower than the cut-off point) was obtained in AlRajeh's study in 1999 on normal subjects of a similar demographic.…”

“…4 As predicted, and reported by numerous other researches, education has the largest effect on cognitive function as scored by the MMSE. [2][3][4][5][6] Subjects who obtained no education scored several points less than those who did. And there was a gradual increase in the mean score of subjects belonging to progressively higher levels of education, with those who went to college/university scoring, on average, 8 points more than uneducated subjects.…”

“…2 This makes it clear that cognitive impairment is not an inevitable consequence of aging. 3 As a matter of fact, research has found lifestyle practices such as education, work, and intellectual engagement to be associated with successful preservation of cognitive function. Education seems to be more closely associated than other factors; research indicates that education exerts protective effects on cognitive function.…”

In Community Dwelling Females Age 65 or Older, Gait Speed Declines as Kinesthetic Awareness of the Lower Legs Decreases

“…Our exclusion criteria are abnormal vital signs, oxygen saturation rate (SpO 2 ) < 90%, partial or non-weight bearing restrictions, ambulation that requires more than contact guard assistance (CGA), lower extremity (LE) muscle strength less than 3/5, knee range of motion (ROM) less than functional ROM, or anybody who did not have an authorization from the primary physician or nurse practitioner to participate in the study. We also excluded anyone who had a Mini Mental State Exam [13] score less than 24, who was considered cognitively impaired…”

Assessment Tools for Assessing Cognitive Functions of Elderly

“…Väčšina je však určená pre použitie psychológom, psychiatrom (Topinková et al, 2002, s. 323 -324 , 1989;Doerflinger, 2007;Folstein et al, 1975, s. 189 -198;Frank-Stromborg et al, 1992, s. 59 -71;Gallo et al 2005, s. 128 -142;Jirák, 1999, s. 20;Matteson et al, 1997, s. 88;Morris et al, 2004, p. 24;Pfeiffer, 1975, s. 433 -441;Shulman, Feinstein, 2003 s. 29 -44;Topinková, 2005, s. 216 -220) Z uvedených nástrojov sú MMSE a SPMSQ považované za často odporúčané nástroje na posúdenie kognitívnych funkcií v oblasti ošetrovateľského výskumu a praxe (Hurley, Volicer, 2006, s. 336;Kurlowicz, 1999;Frank-Stromborg et al, 1992, s. 59 -64;Welch, 1999 Výhodou nástroja je časová nenáročnosť, ľahká administrácia.…”