“…Since the 1980s, several research groups around the world have tried to miniaturize JT cryocoolers (Chorowski et al, 1994;Garvey et al, 1983;Holland et al, 1998;Lerou et al, 2006;Lin et al, 2010;Mikulin et al, 1992;Park et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2011). Most of the microcooler designs were based on a Linde-Hampson cooling cycle with a single JT expansion.…”