The Minimisation of Microbiological Hazards Associated with Latrine Wastes

Abstract

Investigations of latrine wastes in Botswana were undertaken to verify that sludge stored in a pit latrine chamber for at least one year does not constitute an unacceptable microbiological hazard on handling or reuse. Levels of faecal bacteria, Ascaris, Taenia, Schistosoma and human enteric viruses in sludges which had been stored for periods of more than one year were compared with levels in improperly stored sludges. In all cases, the importance of long term storage was confirmed. However, it is noted that substantial sociological and educational inputs are required if latrine users are to obtain the maximum health and economic benefits of latrine sanitation and sludge reuse, particularly in cultures where there is traditionally little interest in such practices.

Pathogen reduction efficiency of on-site treatment processes in eco-sanitation system

“…Regarding Ecosan sludge, the viability of Ascaris ova seems to be an important parameter related to the actual infectivity of helminth eggs and determines the actual health risk on farmers and crop consumers (Jimenez et al, 2006; Wheeler and Carroll, 1989).…”