The mining industry and the regulatory framework in Madagascar: Some developmental and environmental issues

Las Comunidades Indígenas Y La Relación Con La Industria Minera en México

“…Los impactos ambientales se evidencian en la destrucción de la flora y la fauna, sedimentación de ríos, disminución de la biodiversidad, contaminación del aire, deterioro por el uso indiscriminado del agua; este último se identifica porque el agua no es tratada adecuadamente para reintegrarla al medio ambiente, ya sea para el uso ecológico o de la población rural (Hilson & Busu 2003, Sarrasin 2006). …”

Inverting the impacts: Mining, conservation and sustainability claims near the Rio Tinto/QMM ilmenite mine in Southeast Madagascar

“…Following various neoliberal reforms in the 1990s, development projects in Madagascar have two main goals: to alleviate poverty through economic development and to protect and sustainably manage the environment (Sarrasin 2006). As its largest financial lender, the World Bank has encouraged Madagascar to accept Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a primary means in which to promote economic growth and relieve debt (Sarrasin 2009).…”

“…Over the past ten years, large-scale mining has grown in Madagascar, partly due to the adoption of the 'Large Mining Investment Act' (see Sarrasin 2006). The gargantuan 'Ambatovy' nickel mine (near Moramanga), led by the Canadian company Sherritt International, is referred to as the world's largest lateritic nickel mine with a USD 4.5 billion-dollar investment alone.…”

Contested Spatial Coincidence of Conservation and Mining Efforts in Madagascar

“…Since 2003, the government's Durban Vision effort has sought to triple the surface area of protected areas in order to protect six million ha of terrestrial and marine areas (Norris 2006) on this threatened island biodiversity hotspot (Myers et al 2000). The Government of Madagascar and international financial institutions (IFIs), in the past decade, have also sought to promote a liberalized mining sector (Duffy 2005(Duffy , 2007Sarrasin 2006). New laws liberalizing, promoting, and regulating mining on the island were enacted in -2001, 2003(Rép.…”

“…Mad. 1999, 2000a, 2001, 2003aColored Stone 2005;Weldon 2005;Sarrasin 2006) and these policy changes have led to an increase in mine permitting and activity on the island (Cope 2002;Rép. Mad.…”