“…Here, it seems particularly important to focus on the role of teachers, as both research on leadership in schools (Leithwood et al, 2020 ) and research on ambidexterity (Mom et al, 2019 ) have shown that it is the individuals in a school who contribute to its success through unique top-down and bottom-up pathways, and furthermore, that the central position of the principal in a school's social network is an important factor in fostering innovation in schools (Moolenaar et al, 2010 ). Given that our study covers only a short, albeit disruptive and highly dynamic, period in which, moreover, the social contacts of school staff, e.g., as a result of home offices, were often of a different nature than in the pre-COVID-19 period, it would be worthwhile to explore the extent to which our findings can be replicated in non-turbulent periods, taking into account the dynamics of principal ambidexterity and educational innovation as presented here as well as the multilevel nature of school leadership (Boyce & Bowers, 2018 ; Da’as, 2021 ; Pietsch et al, 2019 ).…”