The Mistaken Assumption of Intentionality in Equal Protection Law: Psychological Science and the Interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment

Richardson, Margaret; Pittinsky, Todd L.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.722647

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Alternatively, police could simply form the perception of "suspicion" more often based on a broader interpretation of the social cues that capture police attention and evoke official reactions (Alpert et al 2005). The latter explanation conforms more closely to a social-psychological process of racial stereotyping, where the attribution of suspicion is more readily attached to specific behaviors and contexts for minorities than it might be for whites (Thompson 1999;Richardson and Pittinsky 2005). We did find evidence of stops that are best explained as "racial incongruity" stops: high rates of minority stops in predominantly white precincts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the New York City Police Department's “Stop-and-Frisk” Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias

Gelman

Fagan

Kiss

2007

Journal of the American Statistical Association

686

503

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Recent studies by police departments and researchers confirm that police stop persons of racial and ethnic minority groups more often than whites relative to their proportions in the population. However, it has been argued that stop rates more accurately reflect rates of crimes committed by each ethnic group, or that stop rates reflect elevated rates in specific social areas, such as neighborhoods or precincts. Most of the research on stop rates and police-citizen interactions has focused on traffic stops, and analyses of pedestrian stops are rare. In this article we analyze data from 125,000 pedestrian stops by the New York Police Department over a 15-month period. We disaggregate stops by police precinct and compare stop rates by racial and ethnic group, controlling for previous race-specific arrest rates. We use hierarchical multilevel models to adjust for precinct-level variability, thus directly addressing the question of geographic heterogeneity that arises in the analysis of pedestrian stops. We find that persons of African and Hispanic descent were stopped more frequently than whites, even after controlling for precinct variability and race-specific estimates of crime participation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the New York City Police Department's “Stop-and-Frisk” Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias

Gelman

Fagan

Kiss

2007

Journal of the American Statistical Association

686

503

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

An Analysis of the NYPD's Stop-And-Frisk Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias

Fagan¹

2006

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies by police departments and researchers confirm that police stop racial and ethnic minority citizens more often than whites, relative to their proportions in the population. However, it has been argued that stop rates more accurately reflect rates of crimes committed by each ethnic group, or that stop rates reflect elevated rates in specific social areas such as neighborhoods or precincts. Most of the research on stop rates and police-citizen interactions has focused on traffic stops, and analyses of pedestrian stops are rare. In this paper, we analyze data from 125,000 pedestrian stops by the New York Police Department over a fifteen-month period. We disaggregate stops by police precinct, and compare stop rates by racial and ethnic group controlling for previous race-specific arrest rates. We use hierarchical multilevel models to adjust for precinct-level variability, thus directly addressing the question of geographic heterogeneity that arises in the analysis of pedestrian stops.We find that persons of African and Hispanic descent were stopped more frequently than whites, even after controlling for precinct variability and race-specific estimates of crime participation.

show abstract

The Mistaken Assumption of Intentionality in Equal Protection Law: Psychological Science and the Interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

An Analysis of the New York City Police Department's “Stop-and-Frisk” Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias

An Analysis of the New York City Police Department's “Stop-and-Frisk” Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias

An Analysis of the NYPD's Stop-And-Frisk Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias

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