The mitochondrial 12S gene is a suitable marker of populations of Sarcoptes scabiei from wombats, dogs and humans in Australia

Skerratt, Lee F.; Campbell, N. J.; Murrell, Anna; Walton, Shelley F.; Kemp, Dave; Barker, Stephen C.

doi:10.1007/s00436-001-0556-5

Cited by 73 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous molecular studies of S. scabiei in animals and humans have utilized various gene targets, such as microsatellites, ITS-2 ribosomal DNA (rDNA), mitochondrial 12S/16S rRNA, and S. scabiei myosin heavy chain genes (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

et al. 2015

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c Scabies remains the most prevalent, endemic, and neglected ectoparasitic infestation globally and can cause institutional outbreaks. The sensitivity of routine microscopy for demonstration of Sarcoptes scabiei mites or eggs in skin scrapings is only about 50%. Except for three studies using conventional or two-tube nested PCR on a small number of cases, no systematic study has been performed to improve the laboratory diagnosis of this important infection. We developed a conventional and a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of S. scabiei. The cox1 gene is relatively well conserved, with its sequence having no high levels of similarity to the sequences of other human skin mites, pathogenic zoonotic mites, or common house dust mite species. This mitochondrial gene is also present in large quantities in arthropod cells, potentially improving the sensitivity of a PCR-based assay. In our study, both assays were specific and were more sensitive than microscopy in diagnosing scabies, with positive and negative predictive values of 100%. The S. scabiei DNA copy number in the microscopy-positive specimens was significantly higher than that in the microscopy-negative specimens (median S. scabiei DNA copy number, 3.604 versus 2.457 log 10 copies per reaction; P ‫؍‬ 0.0213). In the patient with crusted scabies, the qPCR assay performed on lesional skin swabs instead of scrapings revealed that the parasite DNA load took about 2 weeks to become negative after treatment. The utility of using lesional skin swabs as an alternative sample for diagnosis of scabies by PCR should be further evaluated. Scabies remains a significant infectious problem worldwide and is a problem not merely in developing countries but also in the developed world. An estimated 300 million cases of scabies occur globally every year, with scabies having a particular association with young children, poor hygiene, homelessness, crowdedness, and poverty in the tropical and subtropical regions (1). The prevalence of scabies in some populations, such as Australian aborigines, can be as high as 25 to 50%, and the burden of disease and morbidity are further aggravated by complications with bacterial pyoderma, including that caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2, 3). In developed countries, scabies causes significant public health issues in vulnerable individuals, such as individuals at the extremes of ages and immunocompromised hosts. For example, an estimated incidence of 233 to 470 per 100,000 person-years was reported in a national study conducted from 1994 to 2003 in England (4). In addition, outbreaks readily occur in the community in schools, hospitals (including intensive care units), and other institutions (5-10). Among immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-infected individuals, organ transplant recipients, and patients on biologics or other immunosuppressive therapies, scabies can occur as an unrecognized complication with considerable delays in diagnosis and...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

et al. 2015

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“…As a heuristic test of this second idea, we analysed the mitochondrial rrnS data of Skerrat et al (2002) for the ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari) in Australia, …”

Section: Other Factors Affecting Population Expansionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the hypothesis of recent population expansions in nematode parasites of human-associated hosts

Morrison

Höglund

2005

Heredity

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It has been predicted that parasites of human-associated organisms (eg humans, domestic pets, farm animals, agricultural and silvicultural plants) are more likely to show rapid recent population expansions than are parasites of other hosts. Here, we directly test the generality of this demographic prediction for species of parasitic nematodes that currently have mitochondrial sequence data available in the literature or the public-access genetic databases. Of the 23 host/parasite combinations analysed, there are seven human-associated parasite species with expanding populations and three without, and there are three non-humanassociated parasite species with expanding populations and 10 without. This statistically significant pattern confirms the prediction. However, it is likely that the situation is more complicated than the simple hypothesis test suggests, and those species that do not fit the predicted general pattern provide interesting insights into other evolutionary processes that influence the historical population genetics of hostparasite relationships. These processes include the effects of postglacial migrations, evolutionary relationships and possibly life-history characteristics. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the limitations of this form of bioinformatic datamining, in comparison to controlled experimental hypothesis tests. Heredity (2005) 94, 426-434.

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“…One of these universal primer sequence sets is included within a region of the 12S rRNA. This region has been highly informative in the examination of phylogenetic relationships [25][26][27][28][29]. In this study, dust mite 12S rRNA mtDNA sequences are reported for the first time and used to establish evolutionary relationships between the four domestic mite families Pyroglyphidae, Glycyphagoidea, Acaridae, and Echimyopodidae represented by Dp, Glycyphagus privatus (Gp), Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Ao), and Blomia tropicalis (Bt), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of pathogenic house dust mites using 12S rRNA sequences

et al. 2005

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House dust mites are microarthropods implicated in the cause of allergic diseases. Currently, there is no phylogenetic analysis of dust mites based on genomic or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evidence. For the first time, we report evolutionary relationships based on partial mtDNA 12S rRNA sequences among the four dust mite families Pyroglyphidae (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), Glycyphagoidea (Glycyphagus privatus), Acaridae (Aleuroglyphus ovatus), and Echimyopodidae (Blomia tropicalis). Thirteen sequence variants were obtained and phylogenetic analysis showed two monophyletic clades composed of two species each. Contrary to current taxonomic classification, the Acaridae clustered in a monophyletic group with the Pyroglyphidae. Considering the current difficulties in identifying these medically important species for the purpose of eradication and treatment, it is significant that sequence data are capable of discriminating between species belonging to different families of dust mites.

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The mitochondrial 12S gene is a suitable marker of populations of Sarcoptes scabiei from wombats, dogs and humans in Australia

Cited by 73 publications

References 17 publications

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

Testing the hypothesis of recent population expansions in nematode parasites of human-associated hosts

Molecular identification of pathogenic house dust mites using 12S rRNA sequences

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