The mitogen response potential of lymphocytes from the rainbow trout (Salmogairdneri) re-examined

Effects of cortisol and stress on the immune system in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salarL.)

“…LPS is a well-known B-cell mitogen in fish as in mammals (Faulman et al, 1983;Warr & Simon, 1983;Kaattari & Yui, 1987;Reitan & Thuvander, 1991) and the results in Fig. 1 clearly demonstrate that cortisol has a suppressive e#ect on this mitogenic response of Atlantic salmon leucocytes.…”

Stimulation of carp Cyprinus carpio lymphocytes in vitro by the blood fluke Sanguinicola inermis (Trematoda:Sanguinicolidae)

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that fish lymphocytes can be induced to proliferate in vitro in response to the presence of B-cell and T-cell mitogens such as phytohaemagglutinin A (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide of Escl~erichia col1 (LPS) and lectin of pokeweed, Phytolacca americana (PWM) (Etlinger et al 1976, Cuchens & Clem 1977, Liewes & van Dam 1982, Liewes et al 1982, Warr & Simon 1983, Caspi et al 1984, McKinney & Schmale 1988, Tillitt et al 1988, Estepa & Col1 1992, Koumans-van Diepen et al 1994 In addition, proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from fish lymphoid organs has been shown to be enhanced in the presence of extracts or antigens from bacteria such as Vibrio angulllarum (Yui & Kaattari 1987) and Aeromonas salmonicida (Pourreau et al 1987, Tatner 1990) and the plerocercoid stage of the cestode Ligula intestinalis (Taylor & Hoole 1994).…”

Current aspects of fish vaccination

“…Both effects are also known in fish. LPS has mitogenic activity for fish lymphocytes (Warr & Simon 1983) and increases phagocytic rates (MacArthur & Fletcher 1985). W e d Aeromonas salmonicida cells are capable of activating macrophages in rainbow trout Salmo gaidneri when injected i.p, in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA).…”