“…In addition to global features such as color, texture and shape, many local feature descriptors are proposed, including SIFT (Lowe, 2004), GLOH (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2005), SURF (Bay et al, 2006), P-SURF (Liu et al, 2011), GA-SURF (Wang et al, 2019), PCA-SIFT (Ke and Sukthankar, 2004), VLAD (Jegou et al, 2011), BRISK (Leutenegger et al, 2011), ORB (Rublee et al, 2011), KAZA (Alcantarilla et al, 2012) and AKAZA (Alcantarilla et al, 2013). Xu et al (2016) proposed the mobile visual search guiding system based on SIFT. Many researchers have focused on more compact visual content descriptions (Chandrasekhar et al, 2009;Makar et al, 2009), which are applied to mobile visual search.…”