“…This implies that the presence of institutional ownership might lead to decisions or influences that negatively affect the bank's financial metrics, such as profitability, efficiency, or other relevant indicators. These findings are consistent with previous studies by Alhares (2020), Alaoubi and Almomani (2021), Ali and Fathyah (2020), Bhuiyan and Roudaki (2018), and others. In summary, the collective predictive ability of all independent variables, including fraud cases disclosure, compliance with anti-fraud agencies disclosure, whistleblowing mechanism disclosure, board size, board independence, block government ownership, and block institutional ownership, was statistically significant, suggesting that these variables together play a crucial role in predicting the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria.…”